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Physical Review A

Quantum effect for an electric dipole

Gianfranco Spavieri

Published May 1, 1999• 42 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The behavior of a particle possessing a permanent or induced electric dipole moment and interacting with external electromagnetic fields is described. For a special configuration of the fields, a quantum effect is obtained for a moving dipole. The experimental observation of this effect is within reach of atom or molecular interferometry.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.59.3194

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Journal of the Belarusian State University Physics•Feb 9, 2021•4 citations
The behavior of a particle possessing a permanent or induced electric dipole moment and interacting with external electromagnetic fields is described. For a special configuration of the fields, a quantum effect is obtained for a moving dipole. The experimental observation of this effect is within reach of atom or molecular interferometry.
We study the quantum dynamics of a neutral particle that posseses a permanent magnetic and electric dipole moments in the presence of an electromagnetic field. The analysis of this dynamics demonstrates the appearance of a quantum phase that combines the Aharonov-Casher effect and the He-Mckellar-Wilkens effect. We demonstrate that this phase is a special case of the geometric quantum phase. A series of field configurations where this phase would be found is presented. A generalized Casella-type effect is found in one of these configurations. A physical scenario for the quantum phase in an interferometric experiment is proposed.
We analyse the physical meaning of quantum phase effects for point-like charges and electric (magnetic) dipoles in an electromagnetic (EM) field. At present, there are known eight effects of such a kind: four of them (the magnetic and electric Aharonov – Bohm phases for electrons, the Aharonov – Casher phase for a moving magnetic dipole and the He – McKellar – Wilkens phase for a moving electric dipole) had been disclosed in 20th century, while four new quantum phases had recently been found by our team (A. L. Kholmetskii, O. V. Missevitch, T. Yarman). In our analysis of physical meaning of these phases, we adopt that a quantum phase for a dipole represents a superposition of quantum phases for each charge, composing the dipole. In this way, we demonstrate the failure of the Schrödinger equation for a charged particle in an EM field to describe new quantum phase effects, when the standard definition of the momentum operator is used. We further show that a consistent description of quantum phase effects for moving particles is achieved under appropriate re-definition of this operator, where the canonical momentum of particle in EM field is replaced by the interactional EM field momentum. Some implications of this result are discussed.