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Physical Review Letters

Quenching of Einstein’sAcoefficients by photons

F. Aumayr, J. Hung, S. Suckewer

Published Sep 18, 1989• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present evidence for the quenching of Einstein A coefficients in an Ar-ion laser discharge due to the presence of the high-intensity laser flux. The reduction in spontaneous emission intensity when lasing occurs is found to be dependent on the Einstein A coefficient for transitions originating from the same upper level.
DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.63.1215

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Experimental evidence is presented for the change of Einstein's A coefficients for spontaneous transitions from the upper laser level of an argon in laser discharge due to the presence of a high-intensity laser flux. To demonstrate that this quenching effect cannot be attributed to a reduction in self-absorption of the strong spontaneous emission line, absorption and line profile measurements have been performed. Computer modelling of the reduction of self-absorption due to Rabi splitting also indicated that this effect is too small to explain the observed quenching of spontaneous line emissions.
For atomic systems under strong influence of electromagnetic fields, the values of Einstein A and B coefficients have been observed to change from those of isolated atoms. However in our previous experiments which demonstrated the changes of A-coefficients, the self absorption of spontaneous emission was very strong and might the experimental result. In order to reduce the absorption drastically so that its effect can be neglected, we conducted a new experiment. In our new experiment, we measured the spontaneous emission from a very short discharge tube where the absorption was less than 4%. We also use a multichannel detector to monitor a number of spontaneous emission lines simultaneously. We observed that, as the incident photon flux increased, the intensity ratio of two spontaneous emission lines from the same upper level decreased. Any possible instrumental effect has been checked and eliminated. Therefore we can conclude that such observed decrement can only due to the change of Einstein A-coefficients.
The effect of dissipation of plasmas on the spontaneous radiation of an ionized atom is investigated by Langevin equations and the modified Weisskopf-Wigner approximation to consider the quenching effect of the Einstein A coefficient. The dissipation of field in plasmas results from inverse bremsstrahlung of free electrons and absorption of the ions of the same kind as the radiator. Under certain conditions the Einstein A coefficient may be reduced significantly. The lifetime of the excited ion will be changed correspondingly.
The efficiency of laser cooling relies on the existence of an almost closed optical-transition cycle in the energy spectrum of the considered species. In this respect, rare-earth elements exhibit many transitions which are likely to induce noticeable leaks from the cooling cycle. In this work, to determine whether laser cooling of singly ionized erbium Er+{\mathrm{Er}}^{+}Er+ is feasible, we have performed accurate electronic-structure calculations of energies and spontaneous-emission Einstein coefficients of Er+{\mathrm{Er}}^{+}Er+, using a combination of ab initio and least-squares-fitting techniques. We identify five weak closed transitions suitable for laser cooling, the broadest of which is in the kilohertz range. For the strongest transitions, by simulating the cascade dynamics of spontaneous emission, we show that repumping is necessary, and we discuss possible repumping schemes. We expect our detailed study on Er+{\mathrm{Er}}^{+}Er+ to give good insight into the laser cooling of neighboring ions such as Dy+{\mathrm{Dy}}^{+}Dy+.
Stimulated absorption of spontaneous emission of a gas-discharge plasma can cause a significant increase in the population of the emitting states, compared to their population determined by inelastic collisions and spontaneous decay from upper levels. By imposing a magnetic field, this self-saturation is reduced and its contribution to the level population can be identified. The magnetic-field-dependent changes in Doppler profiles due to radiative transitions caused by saturating spontaneous emission are analyzed in the case of absorption of a weak monochromatic wave.