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International Conference on Quantum Information

Propagation of an Entangled Two-Photon Beam Through the Turbulent Atmosphere

Carlos Henrique Monken, M. V. da Cunha Pereira, Luísa. A. P. Filpi

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the propagation of an entangled two-photon beam through the turbulent atmosphere simulated in a tabletop hot-air chamber. We show that in the weak turbulence regime (beam pointing fluctuation), under a suitable coordinate transformation, the fourth-order profile of the two-foton beam is less sensitive to turbulence than a laser beam with the same parameters. Article not available.

DOI
10.1364/icqi.2011.qtuf1

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We investigate the propagation of an entangled two-photon beam through the turbulent atmosphere simulated in a tabletop hot-air chamber. We show that in the weak turbulence regime (beam pointing fluctuation), under a suitable coordinate transformation, the fourth-order profile of the two-foton beam is less sensitive to turbulence than a laser beam with the same parameters. Article not available.
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The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) is building a quantum optics and quantum information laboratory to study single photon phenomena and its applications. We propose an experiment to characterize the effects of atmospheric turbulence on single photons and entangled pair of photons as a function of statistical quantities that define a turbulent atmosphere (such as the Fried parameter, Greenwood frequency, Rytov variance, ect).This presentation details the initial experiment studying single photon propagation using an atmospheric turbulence simulator that statistically represents ground-to-space quantum communications.
To study the effects of atmospheric turbulence on the quality of entanglement of photons propagating from a ground station to a satellite and to verify if coincidence measurements of entangled photons can be used to back out atmospheric turbulence parameters for long-distance propagation or moderate-to-strong turbulence , we built an atmospheric turbulence simulator (ATS) in a laboratory setting. The ATS comprised of two afocal systems with a Lexitek phase wheel and a Meadowlark spatial light modulator representing discrete layers of atmospheric turbulence. The ATS could represent propagation distances on the order of 1km and could theoretically simulate Rytov variances as high as 5.16 and Fried parameters as low as 0.5cm for a 1m telescope. The design parameters, numerical simulations, and experimental setup is detailed in this proceeding.
When a pair of photons that are entangled in terms of their transverse modes, such as an orbital angular momentum (OAM) basis, propagates through atmospheric turbulence, the scintillation causes a decay of the entanglement. Here, we use numerical simulations to study how this decoherence process depends on the various dimension parameters of the system. The relevant dimension parameters are the propagation distance, the wavelength, the beam radius, and the refractive index structure constant, indicating the strength of the turbulence. We show that beyond the weak scintillation regime, the entanglement evolution cannot be accurately modeled by a single phase screen that is specified by a single dimensionless parameter. Two dimensionless parameters are necessary to describe the OAM entanglement evolution. Furthermore, it is found that higher OAM modes are not more robust in turbulence beyond the weak scintillation regime.
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) state of light can potentially be used to implement higher dimensional entangled systems for quantum communication. Unfortunately, optical fibers in use today support only modes with zero OAM values. Free-space quantum communication is an alternative to traditional way of communicating through optical fibers. However the refractive index fluctuation of the atmosphere gives rise to random phase aberrations on a propagating optical beam. To transmit quantum information successfully through a free-space optical channel, one needs to understand how atmospheric turbulence influences quantum entanglement. Here, we present a numerical study of the evolution of quantum entanglement between a pair of qubits. The qubits consist of photons entangled in the OAM basis. The photons propagate in a turbulent atmosphere modeled by a series of consecutive phase screens based on the Kolmogorov theory of turbulence. Maximally entangled initial states are considered, and the concurrence is used as a measure of entanglement. We show how the evolution of entanglement is influenced by various parameters such as the beam waist, the strength of the turbulence and the wavelength of the beam. We restricted our analysis to the OAM values l = ±1 and we compared our results to previous work.