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Chinese Physics

Quantum secure direct communication protocol with blind polarization bases and particles' transmitting order

Song Jie, Ai‐Dong Zhu, Zhang Shou

Published Feb 26, 2007• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents a modified secure direct communication protocol by using the blind polarization bases and particles' random transmitting order. In our protocol, a sender (Alice) encodes secret messages by rotating a random polarization angle of particle and then the receiver (Bob) sends back these particles as a random sequence. This ensures the security of communication.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/16/3/010

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This paper presents a modified secure direct communication protocol by using the blind polarization bases and particles' random transmitting order. In our protocol, a sender (Alice) encodes secret messages by rotating a random polarization angle of particle and then the receiver (Bob) sends back these particles as a random sequence. This ensures the security of communication.
We analyzed the security of the secure direct communication protocol based on the secret transmitting order of particles recently proposed by Zhu, Xia, Fan, and Zhang[Phys. Rev. A 73, 022338 (2006)] and found that this scheme is insecure if an eavesdropper, say Eve, wants to steal the secret message with Trojan horse attack strategies. The vital loophole in this scheme is that the two authorized users check the security of their quantum channel only once. Eve can insert another spy photon, an invisible photon, or a delay one in each photon which the sender Alice sends to the receiver Bob, and capture the spy photon when it returns from Bob to Alice. After the authorized users check the security, Eve can obtain the secret message according to the information about the transmitting order published by Bob. Finally, we present a possible improvement of this protocol.
Based on the order rearrangement of single photon sequence, we present a multiparty controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol. The present protocol can be applied to some special scenario. In the protocol, the sender's secret message can only be recovered by the receiver under the permission of all the controllers. The security for the protocol is ensured by the quantum no-cloning theorem and the secret transmitting order of the single photon sequence. Moreover, all photons are used to encode the secret message except those chosen for eavesdropping check and it is unnecessary for the protocol to use entanglement. Our protocol is efficient and practicable.
We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret messages directly. After insuring the safety of the quantum channel, the sender Alice encodes the secret messages directly by applying a series local operations on her particle sequences according to their stipulation. Using three EPR pairs, three bits of secret classical information can be faithfully transmitted from Alice to remote Bob without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. By both Alice and Bob's GHZ state measurement results, Bob is able to read out the encoded secret messages directly. The protocol is completely secure if perfect quantum channel is used, because there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel.
A novel controlled quantum secure direct communication scheme by using five-particle cluster states is proposed.In this scheme,the quantum channel between the sender Alice,the controller Charlie and the receiver Bob consists of an ordered sequence of five-particle cluster states which are prepared by Alice.After determine the security of quantum channel,Alice prepares the encoded Bell-state sequences,and Alice and Bob perform Bell-state measurements on the particles at hand,respectively,and then Charlie may make a single-particle measurement.Then Alice and Charlie tell their result to Bob,Bob can get the secret information through the analysis of their results.In our scheme,the information-carrying particles do not need to be transmitted over the public channel.Moreover,we analyze the security of the controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol,and demonstrate that our scheme is determinate and secure.In the future,our scheme might be realizable based on present experimental technology.
A quantum secure direct communication scheme using dense coding is proposed. At first, the sender (Alice) prepares four-particle genuine entangled states and shares them with the receiver (Bob) by sending two particles in each entangled state to him. Secondly, Alice encodes secret information by performing the unitary transformations on her particles and transmits them to Bob. Finally, Bob performs the joint measurements on his particles to decode the secret information. The two-step security test guarantees the security of communication.
We propose a quantum secure communication protocol by using three-particle GHZ states. In this protocol, we utilize the ideas of the rearranging orders and the sequence transmission. The sender of messages, Alice, first disturbs the particle orders in an initial sequence, and then sends the sequence of the disturbed orders to the receiver of messages, Bob. Under Alice's introduction, Bob rearranges the sequence back to the initial sequence. By making a GHZ state measurement on each of the three particles in turn, Bob can attain Alice's secret messages. In addition, we still calculate the efficiency of our three-particle GHZ protocol and generalize it to the case using multi-particle GHZ state.