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Physical Review A

Lower bound on the ground-state energy and one-dimensionalN-fermion problem

Srećko Kilić, K. Mikelić

Published Oct 1, 1993• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We derive an expression for a lower bound of the ground-state energy of N identical fermions. In principle, this relation can describe any order of multiplicity of many-body forces and represents a generalization of a Hall inequality. Applying the Hall lower-bound inequality to the Calogero and Sutherland potentials, we show the great importance of spin states. Furthermore, using a generalized formula, we obtain a lower bound for a system with three-body forces.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.48.2721

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We derive an expression for a lower bound of the ground-state energy of N identical fermions. In principle, this relation can describe any order of multiplicity of many-body forces and represents a generalization of a Hall inequality. Applying the Hall lower-bound inequality to the Calogero and Sutherland potentials, we show the great importance of spin states. Furthermore, using a generalized formula, we obtain a lower bound for a system with three-body forces.
Lower bounds to the ground-state energy of a system composed of N identical particles interacting by two-body forces (and possibly also with an external potential) are derived. They are expressed in terms of the ground-state energies of (simpler) systems composed of a smaller number of particles having masses and/or interactions different from the original ones. This reduction process may be continued all the way down to systems involving one and two particles only. The generalization to systems containing some identical and some distinguishable particles is also discussed.
Generalizing a method used previously for three-body, four-body and very recently for five-body systems, we derive a lower bound for the ground state energy of an N-body Hamiltonian, with arbitrary N. Because the expression of the lower bound obtained in this way depends on a number of parameters, we obtain in fact a family of lower bounds, a lower bound for each set of values of these parameters. The best of these is of course obtained by maximizing over these parameters and is correspondingly named optimized lower bound. The set of values of the parameters corresponding to the optimized lower bound satisfy a number of relations, named universal dynamical constraints, which result from the application of a dynamical principle and are independent of the particular form of the potential. For N = 3, 4, 5, they can be worked out in the most general case. For N = 6 up, they can be worked out only for particular mass configurations. Furthermore, the optimized lower bound proves to be saturated in the harmonic oscillator case.
Lower bound energy formulae for the N-fermion problem of the type used by Hall (1967) and Post (1956) are considered in terms of a reduced density operator for the interparticle separation. In bounds of this type the N-body energy is bounded below by a sum of eigen-energies of states of relative motion weighted by occupations for the relative states. It is shown that the wavefunctions of relative motion are subject to constraints and in particular must be zero when the particle separation is zero. This modifies the energy spectrum of the reduced Hamiltonian of relative motion and improves the lower bound due to Hall. The improvement is demonstrated for some simple model problems. Furthermore it is shown that the bounds of this type currently known do not exhibit saturation regardless of the interaction details. This leads to some speculation on improved lower bounds.