Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Degenerate four-wave mixing in atomic ytterbium

Tian Li, Ryan P. Baker, Jonathan D. Weinstein

Published Sep 21, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have performed degenerate four-wave mixing experiments with cryogenically cooled atomic ytterbium. We use buffer-gas cooling to prepare high optical density samples at a temperature of 5 K, cold enough to resolve the different isotopes and hyperfine transitions. We observe four-wave mixing with cross-polarized pump and probe beams. The four-wave mixing is strongly enhanced when the laser is closely detuned from the S01(F=1/2)→P11(F′=1/2) transition of the Yb171 (I=1/2) isotope.

DOI
10.1364/josab.29.002848

Related papers

Degenerate four-wave mixing in atomic ytterbium

Tian Li, Ryan P. Baker, Jonathan D. Weinstein

We have performed degenerate four-wave mixing experiments with cryogenically cooled atomic ytterbium. We use buffer-gas cooling to prepare high optical density samples at a temperature of 5 K, cold enough to resolve the different isotopes and hyperfine transitions. We observe four-wave mixing with cross-polarized pump and probe beams. The four-wave mixing is strongly enhanced when the laser is closely detuned from the S01(F=1/2)→P11(F′=1/2) transition of the Yb171 (I=1/2) isotope.

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Jun 17, 2011•0 citations

Polarization dependence of four-wave mixing in a degenerate two-level system

A. Lezama, George C. Cardoso, J. W. R. Tabosa

Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) within a closed degenerate two-level atomic transition is theoretically and experimentally examined. Using the model presented by Lezama et al. [Phys. Rev. A 61, 013801 (2000)] the NDFWM spectra corresponding to different pump and probe polarization cases are calculated and discussed. The calculated spectra are compared to the observation of NDFWM within the ${6S}_{1/2}(F=4)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{6P}_{3/2}(F=5)$ transition of cesium in a phase conjugation experiment using magneto-optically cooled atoms.

arXiv:quant-ph/0005096•Physical Review A•Dec 8, 2000•36 citations

Crossed-beam optically degenerate wave mixing with bosonic quantum gases

Chengjie Zhu, Yan Li, L. Deng

Highly efficient, optical-degenerate wave-mixing involving bosonic quantum gas is studied using a crossed-beam geometry. We show a very large enhancement due to nonlinear gain from a matter-optical wave-mixing process involving four photons and two matter-wave excitations. Under suitable conditions with a red-detuned pump field this optically degenerate, four-photon process can be stronger than the traditional two-photon inelastic light-scattering mechanism, leading to strong nonlinear growth of the observed matter-wave scattering. This optically degenerate four-wave mixing is independent of other enhancements arising from bosonic stimulations. More importantly, this highly efficient, backward degenerate wave generation and growth process does not have a correspondence in thermal gases in nonlinear optics.

Physical Review A•Mar 8, 2019•0 citations

Resonant degenerate four-wave mixing spectroscopy of transitions with degenerate energy levels: Saturation and polarization effects

Thomas A. Reichardt, Robert P. Lucht

The physics of the degenerate four-wave mixing process for resonant transitions between two degenerate energy levels is investigated by direct numerical integration of the time-dependent density matrix equations. The Zeeman structure of the upper and lower energy levels is included in a multistate formulation of the density matrix equations. The inclusion of the Zeeman structure enables the investigation of the degenerate four-wave mixing process for different polarization configurations of the forward pump, backward pump, and probe beams. Saturation curves and lineshapes are calculated for different polarization configurations and for numerous low-J transitions. At low laser intensity, the results of our calculations are in excellent agreement with perturbation theory in terms of the relative intensities of the degenerate four-wave mixing signal for linear polarization configurations. As the laser intensity increases and the resonance starts to saturate, we find in general that the relative degenerate four-wave mixing reflectivity increases for the crossed polarization configurations compared to the parallel polarization configuration because the saturation intensity is higher. However, for some resonance transitions, some of the crossed polarization configurations saturate at lower laser intensities than the parallel polarization configuration, even though the reflectivity for these crossed polarization configurations is much lower than for the parallel polarization configuration in the perturbative intensity limit. This result is explained in terms of the coupling of the various Zeeman states during the degenerate four-wave mixing interaction for specific polarization configurations. The effect of saturation on the resonance line shapes for the different polarization configurations is also investigated. Finally, a limited number of calculations are performed for resonances that are Doppler broadened as well as collision broadened. The effect of saturation on the reflectivity of the crossed polarization configurations compared to the parallel polarization configuration is even more significant for resonances with comparable Doppler and collisional broadening.

The Journal of Chemical Physics•Dec 8, 1999•22 citations

Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in Fabry–Perot semiconductor lasers

Shijun Jiang, M. Dagenais

Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in Fabry–Perot semiconductor lasers is studied for pump–probe detunings that range from a few hundred megahertz to as high as 20 GHz. It is observed that the conjugate reflectivity and probe amplification decrease with slopes of −60 and −20 dB per frequency decade, respectively, when the detuning exceeds the relaxation-oscillation frequency. A resonance enhancement of the four-wave mixing signal is observed at both the relaxation-oscillation frequency and twice the relaxation-oscillation frequency. Cascade four-wave mixing signals are observed under a very weak (−37-dBm) input probe beam. A quantitative fit to the nearly degenerate four-wave mixing data is obtained, permitting the extraction of basic semiconductor-laser parameters by use of this technique.

Optics Letters•Aug 15, 1993•12 citations

Polarization-selective four-wave mixing in a degenerate multi-level system

Jaeuk Baek, Sanghyun Park, Min-Hwan Lee +2 more

Abstract This paper describes the first observation of polarization-selective four-wave mixing signals in conventional coupling-probe spectroscopy, specifically, saturation absorption spectroscopy in 85Rb atoms. The four-wave mixing signal is induced by two counter-propagating laser beams in a degenerate multi-level atomic system, involving the $$F_g=3 \rightarrow F_e =2,3$$ F g = 3 → F e = 2 , 3 , and 4 transitions of the 85Rb D2 line. Consequently, the four-wave mixing signals copropagating along the probe beam induce polarization rotation of a linearly polarized probe beam. To distinguish these four-wave mixing signals from the resulting probe beam, we detect the polarization components orthogonal to the polarization direction of the input probe beam, depending on the linear polarization angles between the probe and coupling beams. The experimental findings demonstrate excellent agreement with theoretical results.

Scientific Reports•Mar 8, 2024•7 citations
We have performed degenerate four-wave mixing experiments with cryogenically cooled atomic ytterbium. We use buffer-gas cooling to prepare high optical density samples at a temperature of 5 K, cold enough to resolve the different isotopes and hyperfine transitions. We observe four-wave mixing with cross-polarized pump and probe beams. The four-wave mixing is strongly enhanced when the laser is closely detuned from the S01(F=1/2)→P11(F′=1/2) transition of the Yb171 (I=1/2) isotope.
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) within a closed degenerate two-level atomic transition is theoretically and experimentally examined. Using the model presented by Lezama et al. [Phys. Rev. A 61, 013801 (2000)] the NDFWM spectra corresponding to different pump and probe polarization cases are calculated and discussed. The calculated spectra are compared to the observation of NDFWM within the ${6S}_{1/2}(F=4)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{6P}_{3/2}(F=5)$ transition of cesium in a phase conjugation experiment using magneto-optically cooled atoms.
Highly efficient, optical-degenerate wave-mixing involving bosonic quantum gas is studied using a crossed-beam geometry. We show a very large enhancement due to nonlinear gain from a matter-optical wave-mixing process involving four photons and two matter-wave excitations. Under suitable conditions with a red-detuned pump field this optically degenerate, four-photon process can be stronger than the traditional two-photon inelastic light-scattering mechanism, leading to strong nonlinear growth of the observed matter-wave scattering. This optically degenerate four-wave mixing is independent of other enhancements arising from bosonic stimulations. More importantly, this highly efficient, backward degenerate wave generation and growth process does not have a correspondence in thermal gases in nonlinear optics.
The physics of the degenerate four-wave mixing process for resonant transitions between two degenerate energy levels is investigated by direct numerical integration of the time-dependent density matrix equations. The Zeeman structure of the upper and lower energy levels is included in a multistate formulation of the density matrix equations. The inclusion of the Zeeman structure enables the investigation of the degenerate four-wave mixing process for different polarization configurations of the forward pump, backward pump, and probe beams. Saturation curves and lineshapes are calculated for different polarization configurations and for numerous low-J transitions. At low laser intensity, the results of our calculations are in excellent agreement with perturbation theory in terms of the relative intensities of the degenerate four-wave mixing signal for linear polarization configurations. As the laser intensity increases and the resonance starts to saturate, we find in general that the relative degenerate four-wave mixing reflectivity increases for the crossed polarization configurations compared to the parallel polarization configuration because the saturation intensity is higher. However, for some resonance transitions, some of the crossed polarization configurations saturate at lower laser intensities than the parallel polarization configuration, even though the reflectivity for these crossed polarization configurations is much lower than for the parallel polarization configuration in the perturbative intensity limit. This result is explained in terms of the coupling of the various Zeeman states during the degenerate four-wave mixing interaction for specific polarization configurations. The effect of saturation on the resonance line shapes for the different polarization configurations is also investigated. Finally, a limited number of calculations are performed for resonances that are Doppler broadened as well as collision broadened. The effect of saturation on the reflectivity of the crossed polarization configurations compared to the parallel polarization configuration is even more significant for resonances with comparable Doppler and collisional broadening.
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in Fabry–Perot semiconductor lasers is studied for pump–probe detunings that range from a few hundred megahertz to as high as 20 GHz. It is observed that the conjugate reflectivity and probe amplification decrease with slopes of −60 and −20 dB per frequency decade, respectively, when the detuning exceeds the relaxation-oscillation frequency. A resonance enhancement of the four-wave mixing signal is observed at both the relaxation-oscillation frequency and twice the relaxation-oscillation frequency. Cascade four-wave mixing signals are observed under a very weak (−37-dBm) input probe beam. A quantitative fit to the nearly degenerate four-wave mixing data is obtained, permitting the extraction of basic semiconductor-laser parameters by use of this technique.
Abstract This paper describes the first observation of polarization-selective four-wave mixing signals in conventional coupling-probe spectroscopy, specifically, saturation absorption spectroscopy in 85Rb atoms. The four-wave mixing signal is induced by two counter-propagating laser beams in a degenerate multi-level atomic system, involving the Fg=3→Fe=2,3F_g=3 \rightarrow F_e =2,3Fg​=3→Fe​=2,3 F g = 3 → F e = 2 , 3 , and 4 transitions of the 85Rb D2 line. Consequently, the four-wave mixing signals copropagating along the probe beam induce polarization rotation of a linearly polarized probe beam. To distinguish these four-wave mixing signals from the resulting probe beam, we detect the polarization components orthogonal to the polarization direction of the input probe beam, depending on the linear polarization angles between the probe and coupling beams. The experimental findings demonstrate excellent agreement with theoretical results.