Energy level transitions

W.J. Caspers

S. Kröger, Gönül Başar, İpek Kanat Öztürk +3 more

The aim of this study was to investigate in more detail some previously published atomic holmium energy levels, which were previously only published with very imprecise values for the level energy 𝐸 and without total angular momentum quantum number 𝐽. By analysing Fourier Transform (FT) spectra in the 317 nm-1750 nm wavelength range using hyperfine structure as a diagnostic tool, we sought to enhance the precision of energy measurements and determine the unknown 𝐽 values. All levels investigated were initially identified through their transitions to the ground state. We have investigated this transition and, if possible, other additional spectral lines that were classified as transitions to the investigated levels. A total of 13 lines from the FT spectra were analysed leading to results for six energy levels. For these six levels a more precise determination of the energy values could be achieved. With the investigation of the hyperfine structure knowledge on their previously unknown 𝐽 values could be achieved. Furthermore, hyperfine structure constants of the investigated energy levels were determined for the first time.

Luigi E. Picasso

Jiaqing Yan

This study explores the core laws of photon-electron interaction, including photon energy conversion and electron energy level transition, and proposes a new theoretical framework for energy-matter transformation, offering a fresh perspective for fundamental physics research

Stanisław Olszewski

Quantum aspects of the Joule-Lenz law for the dissipation energy have been studied. In the first step, in an analysis of the energy-time principle of uncertainty, this gives a lower limit of the time interval and an upper limit of the energy interval which can be admitted in a quantum transition process. Moreover, for the low energy excitations, the transition time between the levels is found to be close to the oscillation time periods characteristic for these levels. A reference obtained among the transition time Δt, transition energy ΔE and the Planck constant h indicates that Δt should approach approximately the time period of the electromagnetic wave produced in course of the transition.

Francis F. Chen, Jane P. Chang