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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Evolution of an optically pumped ensemble of cold ground-state atoms in weak light fields

A. V. Bezverbnyĭ

Published May 1, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The evolution of multipole moments is analyzed for optically pumped cold ground-state atoms in the limit of low saturation of a closed j 0 → j 1 dipole transition. The longest multipole-moment relaxation times are analyzed as functions of ellipticity and frequency detuning from resonance for transitions with j 0 ≲ 5. The qualitative difference between the evolution toward steady-state Zeeman sublevel populations and dynamics of transient spontaneous emission is demonstrated for transitions of the following types: j → j −1, j → j with integer j , j → j with half-integer j , and j → j + 1.

DOI
10.1134/1.1947307

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The evolution of multipole moments is analyzed for optically pumped cold ground-state atoms in the limit of low saturation of a closed j 0 → j 1 dipole transition. The longest multipole-moment relaxation times are analyzed as functions of ellipticity and frequency detuning from resonance for transitions with j 0 ≲ 5. The qualitative difference between the evolution toward steady-state Zeeman sublevel populations and dynamics of transient spontaneous emission is demonstrated for transitions of the following types: j → j −1, j → j with integer j , j → j with half-integer j , and j → j + 1.
The relaxation and generation of multipole orientations in a heavy-alkali-metal vapor in the presence of a weak static magnetic field are theoretically studied both for populations and for Zeeman coherences by taking into account the effects on the evolution of the atomic density matrix of the relaxation processes (by alkali-atom--buffer-gas, alkali-atom--alkali-atom with spin exchange and alkali-atom--cell-wall collisions) and of the optical pumping with any light polarization and spectral distribution. The dependence of the stationary-state multipole orientations on the pumping characteristic parameters is numerically analyzed. The detection process of these orientations is also studied.
We present an analytical calculation of temporal evolution of populations for optically pumped atoms under the influence of weak, circularly polarized light. The differential equations for the populations of magnetic sublevels in the excited state, derived from rate equations, are expressed in the form of inhomogeneous second-order differential equations with constant coefficients. We present a general method of analytically solving these differential equations, and obtain explicit analytical forms of the populations of the ground state at the lowest order in the saturation parameter. The obtained populations can be used to calculate lineshapes in various laser spectroscopies, considering transit time relaxation.
This paper reports an analytical calculation of the populations of the Zeeman sublevels of the cesium atom. We use a circularly polarized laser beam to pump the Cs-cell in the geomagnetic field. Using the approximate form of the optical Bloch equations, we obtain the time evolution functions of the populations of the Zeeman sublevels S1/2(F=4, mF=-4) and P1/2(F=4, mF=-3). The case of the laser detuning of δ=0, by increasing the pumping light intensity, we could enhance populations non-uniform distribution degree of the ground states and improve the pumping efficiency of the cesium atom. It is significant to enhance sensitivity and accuracy of the optically pumped magnetometer.
The distribution of population in the ground-state sublevels of an optically pumped alkali-metal vapor has been found to be strongly dependent on the mechanism assumed responsible for relaxation. Two modes of optical pumping zero mixing and complete mixing in the excited state, and three modes of alkali relaxation, uniform, Zeeman, and electron randomization, are considered. Calculations of the sublevel relative populations are made in terms of experimentally measurable parameters for all six combinations of pumping and relaxation modes. Optical-pumping transient signals are then used to demonstrate that alkali relaxation due to wall collisions is of the low-frequency "Zeeman" variety, while relaxation due to alkali-rare-gas collisions takes place through randomization of the spin of the alkali valence electron. Equations for the rate of change of the electronic spin polarization are derived for all cases, and are found to be nonexponential, in contrast with the case of an alkali of zero nuclear spin.