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Research in Optical Sciences

Single-cycle squeezing from chirped quasi-phase-matched optical parametric down-conversion

D. B. Horoshko, Mikhail I. Kolobov

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a method for generation of a single-cycle squeezed light by parametric down-conversion in a chirped quasi-phase-matched nonlinear crystal. We find an exact quantum solution for this process valid for an arbitrary parametric gain, and discover an ultrabroadband squeezing in the down-converted light with flat squeezing spectrum comprising a full optical octave. We describe a scheme for observation of this kind of squeezing using second-harmonic generation as an ultrafast correlator.

DOI
10.1364/qim.2014.qw3b.4

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Summary form only given. In aperiodically poled quasi-phase-matching (QPM) crystals, parametric down-conversion (PDC) can generate very broadband pulsed squeezed light. This is because each part of the crystal will generate squeezed light at a different frequency [1]. But the emission will be thus inhomogeneously broadened, and one requires special measures to eliminate the chirp accompanying the pulses. This can be done by placing a group-velocity dispersion material after the crystal [2] or by specially designing the nonlinear grating [3]. If the bandwidth of squeezed light is large enough, the squeezing and photon-number correlations, after the chirp is removed, will be “single-cycle”, with the correlation time comparable to one optical cycle [4].In this work, the first results on such broadband squeezing are demonstrated. In the 5-mm-long aperiodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 crystal we use, the QPM grating period changes from 7.38 μm to 8.91 μm. With this device, we generated bright twin beams through collinear frequency-nondegenerate high-gain PDC. The phase chirp was eliminated through the design of the nonlinear grating. The frequency bandwidth was measured to be 17 THz, a factor of 15 larger than in a periodically poled crystal. The correlation time was measured using non-phase matched sum frequency generation from the signal and idler beams. The dependence of the sum frequency intensity on the time delay between the signal and idler beams is shown in Fig.1. Fine-resolution scanning (b) shows a narrow peak, demonstrating a correlation time of 90 fs. It can be further reduced by using more advanced grating designs.

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Nonlinear optical waveguides hold promise as parametric amplifiers and as sources of quadrature-squeezed light. The confinement of the pump field drastically increases the efficiency of the nonlinear conversion. In addition, the control of the spatial mode profiles by the waveguide geometry should diminish the effect of gain-induced diffraction, which has been seen to limit the amount of attainable squeezing in bulk parametric crystals.1 Using subpicosecond laser pulses, we have observed parametric gain as well as quadrature squeezing in a quasi-phase matched KTP waveguide.

Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications•Jan 1, 1995•0 citations
We propose a method for generation of a single-cycle squeezed light by parametric down-conversion in a chirped quasi-phase-matched nonlinear crystal. We find an exact quantum solution for this process valid for an arbitrary parametric gain, and discover an ultrabroadband squeezing in the down-converted light with flat squeezing spectrum comprising a full optical octave. We describe a scheme for observation of this kind of squeezing using second-harmonic generation as an ultrafast correlator.
We propose a method for generation of single-cycle squeezed light by parametric down-conversion in a chirped quasi-phase-matched nonlinear crystal. We find an exact quantum solution for this process valid for an arbitrary parametric gain (under an assumption of nondepleted pump), and discover an ultrabroadband squeezing in the down-converted light with a flat squeezing spectrum comprising the full optical octave. We describe a scheme for observation of this kind of squeezing using second-harmonic generation as an ultrafast correlator.
Parametric down-conversion of light (PDC) in a quasi-phase-matched (QPM) nonlinear crystal can be spectrally very broad when the spatial frequency of periodical poling is linearly chirped. The present day technology makes possible the fabrication of chirped QPM crystals phase-matched for PDC in all optical spectrum. In the low-gain regime this allows for generation of biphotons with the correlation time of the order of a single optical cycle. A natural next step is the study of the PDC light produced by such a crystal in the high-gain regime, where PDC is widely used as a source of squeezed states of light. Up to now only a classical treatment of this regime was undertaken. In the present work we demonstrate a possibility to generate single-cycle squeezing in a chirped QPM nonlinear crystal with squeezing spectrum covering almost all the optical octave.
We present a quantum theory of parametric down-conversion of light in chirped quasi-phase-matched second-order nonlinear crystals with undepleted quasimonochromatic pump. This theory allows us to consider generation of ultrabroadband squeezed states of light and is valid for arbitrary, sufficiently slowly varying nonlinear poling profiles. Using a first-order approximate quantum solution for the down-converted light field, we calculate the squeezing spectra and the characteristic squeezing angles. We compare the approximate solutions with the exact and numerical ones and find a very good agreement. This comparison validates our approximate solution in the regime of moderate gain, where the existing approaches are not applicable. Our results demonstrate that aperiodically poled crystals are very good candidates for generating ultrabroadband squeezed light with the squeezing bandwidth covering almost all the optical spectrum and the correlation time approaching a single optical cycle.
Summary form only given. In aperiodically poled quasi-phase-matching (QPM) crystals, parametric down-conversion (PDC) can generate very broadband pulsed squeezed light. This is because each part of the crystal will generate squeezed light at a different frequency [1]. But the emission will be thus inhomogeneously broadened, and one requires special measures to eliminate the chirp accompanying the pulses. This can be done by placing a group-velocity dispersion material after the crystal [2] or by specially designing the nonlinear grating [3]. If the bandwidth of squeezed light is large enough, the squeezing and photon-number correlations, after the chirp is removed, will be “single-cycle”, with the correlation time comparable to one optical cycle [4].In this work, the first results on such broadband squeezing are demonstrated. In the 5-mm-long aperiodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 crystal we use, the QPM grating period changes from 7.38 μm to 8.91 μm. With this device, we generated bright twin beams through collinear frequency-nondegenerate high-gain PDC. The phase chirp was eliminated through the design of the nonlinear grating. The frequency bandwidth was measured to be 17 THz, a factor of 15 larger than in a periodically poled crystal. The correlation time was measured using non-phase matched sum frequency generation from the signal and idler beams. The dependence of the sum frequency intensity on the time delay between the signal and idler beams is shown in Fig.1. Fine-resolution scanning (b) shows a narrow peak, demonstrating a correlation time of 90 fs. It can be further reduced by using more advanced grating designs.
In this paper, we have studied the process of monochromatic pump light in linearly chirped Periodically Poled [Formula: see text] (PPKTP) nonlinear crystal to generate single-cycle biphotons under Quasi-Phase-Matching (QPM) conditions through a Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion (SPDC). A detailed analysis of the phase mismatching function reveals that in PPKTP crystals, for the proper frequency range, the phase mismatching [Formula: see text] is stable and relatively close to 0 due to the relatively stable refractive index, and therefore has a good phase matching effect. Even when the chirp rate becomes small, it is able to produce single-cycle biphotons due to the near-perfect phase matching. Of course, as the chirp rate increases, the frequency response range becomes wider, the temporal width is narrower, and the number of cycles is smaller.
Nonlinear optical waveguides hold promise as parametric amplifiers and as sources of quadrature-squeezed light. The confinement of the pump field drastically increases the efficiency of the nonlinear conversion. In addition, the control of the spatial mode profiles by the waveguide geometry should diminish the effect of gain-induced diffraction, which has been seen to limit the amount of attainable squeezing in bulk parametric crystals.1 Using subpicosecond laser pulses, we have observed parametric gain as well as quadrature squeezing in a quasi-phase matched KTP waveguide.