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International Journal of Quantum Information

SOLVING THE NONLOCALITY RIDDLE BY CONFORMAL QUANTUM GEOMETRODYNAMICS

Enrico Santamato, F. De Martini

Published Dec 1, 2012• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Since the 1935 proposal by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen the riddle of nonlocality, today demonstrated by the violation of Bell's inequalities within innumerable experiments, has been a cause of concern and confusion within the debate over the foundations of quantum mechanics. The present paper tackles the problem by a nonrelativistic approach based on conformal differential geometry applied to the solution of the dynamical problem of two entangled spin 1/2 particles. It is found that the quantum nonlocality may be understood on the basis of a conformal quantum geometrodynamics acting necessarily on the full "configuration space" of the entangled particles. At the end, the violation of the Bell inequalities is demonstrated without making recourse to the common nonlocality paradigm.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749912410134

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Since the 1935 proposal by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen the riddle of nonlocality, today demonstrated by the violation of Bell's inequalities within innumerable experiments, has been a cause of concern and confusion within the debate over the foundations of quantum mechanics. The present paper tackles the problem by a nonrelativistic approach based on conformal differential geometry applied to the solution of the dynamical problem of two entangled spin 1/2 particles. It is found that the quantum nonlocality may be understood on the basis of a conformal quantum geometrodynamics acting necessarily on the full "configuration space" of the entangled particles. At the end, the violation of the Bell inequalities is demonstrated without making recourse to the common nonlocality paradigm.
Since the 1935 proposal by Einstein Podolsky and Rosen the riddle of nonlocality, today demonstrated by innumerable experiments, has been a cause of concern and confusion within the debate over the foundations of quantum mechanics. The present paper tackles the problem by a non relativistic approach based on the Weyl's conformal differential geometry applied to the Hamilton-Jacobi solution of the dynamical problem of two entangled spin 1/2 particles. It is found that the nonlocality rests on the entanglement of the spin internal variables, playing the role of "hidden variables". At the end, the violation of the Bell inequalities is demonstrated without recourse to the common nonlocality paradigm. A discussion over the role of the "% \textit{internal space"} of any entangled dynamical system involves deep conceptual issues, such the \textit{indeterminism} of quantum mechanics and explores the in principle limitations to any exact dynamical theory when truly "hidden variables" are present. Because of the underlying geometrical foundations linking necessarily gravitation and quantum mechanics, the theory presented in this work may be considered to belong to the unifying "quantum gravity" scenario.
The principles and methods of the Conformal Quantum Geometrodynamics (CQG) based on the Weyl's differential geometry are presented. The theory applied to the case of the relativistic single quantum spin 1/2 leads a novel and unconventional derivation of Dirac's equation. The further extension of the theory to the case of two spins 1/2 in EPR entangled state and to the related violation of Bell's inequalities leads, by an exact albeit non relativistic analysis, to an insightful resolution of all paradoxes implied by quantum nonlocality.
A rigorous ab initio derivation of the quantum mechanics of a single particle with spin is presented starting by conformally Weyl-gauge-invariant principle. The particle is described as a relativistic top with six Euler's angles and quantum effects are introduced by assuming that the Weyl's curvature of the particle configuration space acts on it as an external scalar potential. Weyl's conformal covariance is made explicit in all steps of the theory. It is shown that metric of the configuration space accounts for non-quantum relativistic effects, while the affine connections account for quantum relativistic effects. In this way, classical and quantum features acquire well distinguished geometrical origin. A scalar wave function is also introduced to recover the connection with the standard quantum description based on Dirac's four-component spinors. Finally, the case of two entangled spins is considered in the nonrelativistic limit and it is found that the nonlocality rests on the entanglement of the spin internal orientational variables, playing the role of "hidden variables". The theory was carried out in the Minkowski space-time, but it can be easily extended to a space with nonzero Riemann curvature.
The problem of quantum entanglement of two spin-1/2 particles is faced in a conformally invariant geometric framework. The configuration space of the two particles is extended by adding orientational degrees of freedom and quantum effects, including entanglement, are derived from the conformal curvature of this space. A mechanism is proposed where the space curvature and the particle motion are in mutual interaction and it is proved that this feedback between geometry and dynamics reproduces all quantum features of the two-particle system. Entanglement, in particular, originates from the residual nonlocal interaction among the orientational degrees of freedom of the two spinning particles.
Entanglement, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox and Bell’s failure of local-hiddenvariable (LHV) theories are three historically famous forms of “quantum nonlocality”. We give experimental criteria for these three forms of nonlocality in multi-particle systems, with the aim of better understanding the transition from microscopic to macroscopic nonlocality. We examine the nonlocality of N separated spin J systems. First, we obtain multipartite Bell inequalities that address the correlation between spin values measured at each site, and then we review spin squeezing inequalities that address the degree of reduction in the variance of collective spins. The latter have been particularly useful as a tool for investigating entanglement in Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). We present solutions for two topical quantum states: multi-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and the ground state of a two-well BEC.
In recent decades it was established that the measurements of physical quantities in space-time points divided by large space-like intervals can be correlated.The correlation is created by the measurements while their mutual influence requires the corresponding supraliminal velocities.This situation is commonly known as the violation of the Bell inequality in the Bohm version of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox.Nearly 40 years the question remains disputable with a variety of contradicting views.The most frequently the violation is explained by the existence of some momentary action at a distance which obliges the quantum mechanics (as well as all nature) to be nonlocal.We find the "common cause in the past" as the origin of the observed quantum correlation which so far was unnoticed either by the partisans of quantum non-locality or their opponents.The novelty of our approach is the accent on the expressions for the observed physical quantities rather than on the "entangled" two-particle wave functions.We show the crucial role of phases in the correlation process that is hard to notice using the traditional approach.