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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Optical Ramsey resonances with a microstructured molecular beam

D. D. Krylova, G. Kramer

Published Nov 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two new schemes for achieving optical Ramsey resonance by use of gratings are suggested. They do not need a coincidence of the gratings’ period with the laser wavelength and permit the same gratings to be used for arbitrary optical transition. A theoretical description for the Gaussian shapes of laser beams and for arbitrary saturation is given.

DOI
10.1364/josab.21.002042

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Two new schemes for achieving optical Ramsey resonance by use of gratings are suggested. They do not need a coincidence of the gratings’ period with the laser wavelength and permit the same gratings to be used for arbitrary optical transition. A theoretical description for the Gaussian shapes of laser beams and for arbitrary saturation is given.
The paper theoretically establishes and studies the sub-Doppler linear optical Ramsey resonances that arise under certain conditions near centers of optical transitions in the absorption of a sufficiently weak monochromatic light beam during its stationary propagation in the normal direction through an ultrathin gas cell whose internal thickness is less than or of the order of the wavelength of this radiation. We consider a situation when the cross section of this beam consists of two coaxial spatially separated regions, with the absorption signal being detected in a comparatively narrow central part of the beam. The paper studies the significant dependence of the linear optical Ramsey resonances, that arise in such an absorption spectrum, on the distance between these regions, as well as on the phase difference between them. In particular, it is shown that if this phase difference is close to pi, then instead of absorption, amplification of the central part of the incident beam can occur. The Ramsey resonances under consideration are most clearly manifested when the internal thickness of the gas cell is equal to a small halfinteger number of wavelengths of the resonant radiation. However, these resonances do not arise if this thickness is equal to an integer number of such waves. The established Ramsey resonances, under certain conditions, can find application in ultrahigh resolution atomic (molecular) spectroscopy, as well as effective references in compact optical frequency standards.
Experimental and theoretical (using a two-level approximation) investigations were made of the properties of resonance holograms (excited-state gratings) created by monochromatic linearly polarized radiation from a cw dye laser in a beam of sodium atoms as a result of the 32P3/2– 32S1/2(F=2) transition. A good qualitative agreement was observed between the theory and experimental results. It was established that the maximum diffraction efficiency was attained when the intensity of the radiation used to form the hologram was of the order of the intensity needed to saturate the transition and the optical thickness of the beam was ~1.1. The sensitivity of the medium was ~1 nJ/cm2 for 1% diffraction efficiency.
We proposed an all-optical imaging technique based on saturated absorption spectroscopy in an atomic vapor. The atoms are driven by a counter-propagating strong pump laser on a transition which is probed by a comparatively weak probe laser. We show that the different orders of Hermite-Gaussian beam carried by pump laser can be efficiently imaged onto a Gaussian-shaped probe laser within a Rayleigh length. The feature size of transmitted probe beam is reduced by a factor 4 when compared to the original pump beam. To generalize the scheme, an arbitrary image imprinted initially on pump beam is successfully transferred onto the output probe beam. Such a method of high resolution multimode imaging may find potential applications in all-optical imaging and lithography technologies.