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Physical Review A

Quasiperiodicity versus mixing instability in a kicked quantum system

Theo Geisel

Published Mar 1, 1990• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A two-level system subject to quasiperiodically modulated kicking is investigated under the aspects of ergodic theory. For weak kicking strength \ensuremath{\kappa} the correlation functions exhibit quasiperiodic behavior, whose character changes with increasing \ensuremath{\kappa} as recurrences become infrequent. A quantum instability with a transition to mixing behavior that was suggested for similar models does not arise. Analytic results are obtained for the case where two of three characteristic frequencies are incommensurate.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.41.2989

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A two-level system subject to quasiperiodically modulated kicking is investigated under the aspects of ergodic theory. For weak kicking strength \ensuremath{\kappa} the correlation functions exhibit quasiperiodic behavior, whose character changes with increasing \ensuremath{\kappa} as recurrences become infrequent. A quantum instability with a transition to mixing behavior that was suggested for similar models does not arise. Analytic results are obtained for the case where two of three characteristic frequencies are incommensurate.
A periodically kicked ring of a Bose-Einstein condensate is considered as a nonlinear generalization of the quantum kicked rotor, where the nonlinearity stems from the mean-field interactions between the condensed atoms. For weak interactions, periodic motion (antiresonance) becomes quasiperiodic (quantum beating) but remains stable. There exists a critical strength of interactions beyond which quasiperiodic motion becomes chaotic, resulting in an instability of the condensate manifested by exponential growth in the number of noncondensed atoms. In the stable regime, the system remains predominantly in the two lowest energy states and may be mapped onto a spin model, from which we obtain an analytic expression for the beat frequency and discuss the route to instability. We numerically explore a parameter regime for the occurrence of instability and reveal the characteristic density profile for both condensed and noncondensed atoms. The Arnold diffusion to higher energy levels is found to be responsible for the transition to instability. Similar behavior is observed for dynamically localized states (essentially quasiperiodic motions), where stability remains for weak interactions but is destroyed by strong interactions.
A periodically kicked ring of a Bose-Einstein condensate is considered as a nonlinear generalization of the quantum kicked rotor. For weak interactions between atoms, periodic motion (antiresonance) becomes quasiperiodic (quantum beating) but remains stable. There exists a critical strength of interactions beyond which quasiperiodic motion becomes chaotic, resulting in an instability of the condensate manifested by exponential growth in the number of noncondensed atoms. Similar behavior is observed for dynamically localized states (essentially quasiperiodic motions), where stability remains for weak interactions but is destroyed by strong interactions.
We consider a two-state system kicked quasiperiodically by an external force. When the two kicking frequencies assumed for the force are incommensurate, there can be quantum chaos in the sense that (a) the autocorrelation function of the state vector decays, (b) the power spectrum of the state vector is broadband, and (c) the motion on the Bloch sphere is ergodic. The time evolution of the state vector is nevertheless dynamically stable in the sense that memory of the initial state is retained. We also consider briefly the kicked quantum rotator and find, in agreement with Shepelyansky [Physica 8D, 208 (1983)], that the quantum localization effect is greatly weakened by the presence of two incommensurate driving frequencies.
In this paper we study the time evolution of a quasiperiodically kicked spin system whose Hamiltonian is linear in the SU(2) generators. Since this Hamiltonian preserves SU(2) coherent states under time evolution, there is a close correspondence between the quantum evolution and the classical evolution of the system on the Bloch sphere. Such a system has previously been studied by Milonni, Ackerhalt, and Goggin [Phys. Rev. A 35, 1714 (1987)] and, with two incommensurate driving frequencies, the quantum evolution was characterized by (a) decay of the autocorrelation function of the state vector, (b) broadband power spectrum of observables, (c) ergodicity on the Bloch sphere. We expand upon their work to study the corresponding behavior of the motion on a symplectic phase space and the decay of the autocorrelation function of the state vector. When the forcing strength is such that the motion is localized in phase space, the autocorrelation function shows revivals. When the motion is ergodic the autocorrelation function rapidly decays without revivals. The classical motion however is not chaotic, there is no sensitive dependence on initial conditions. For three incommensurate frequencies, the motion is more delocalized than for two frequencies for a fixed forcing strength.
We study the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the quasiperiodic kicked rotor described by a Gross-Pitaevskii equation confined in a toroidal trap. As the interactions are increased, Bogoliubov excitations appear and deplete the condensate; we characterize this instability by considering the population of the first Bogoliubov mode, and we show that it does not prevent, for small enough interaction strengths, the observation of the quasi--insulator-to-metal transition that replaces the Anderson transition of the noninteracting case. However, the predicted subdiffusion in momentum space is not observed in the stable region within experimentally accessible times. For higher interaction strengths, the condensate may be strongly depleted before this dynamical regimes set in.
We study the stroboscopic dynamics of a spin-S object subjected to δ-function kicks in the transverse magnetic field which is generated following the Fibonacci sequence. The corresponding classical Hamiltonian map is constructed in the large spin limit, S→∞. On evolving such a map for large kicking strength and time period, the phase space appears to be chaotic; interestingly, however, the geodesic distance increases linearly with the stroboscopic time implying that the Lyapunov exponent is zero. We derive the Sutherland invariant for the underlying SO(3) matrix governing the dynamics of classical spin variables and study the orbits for weak kicking strength. For the quantum dynamics, we observe that although the phase coherence of a state is retained throughout the time evolution, the fluctuations in the mean values of the spin operators exhibit fractality which is also present in the Floquet eigenstates. Interestingly, the presence of an interaction with another spin results in an ergodic dynamics leading to infinite temperature thermalization.