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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)

High secure network switch with quantum key distribution system

Mikio Fujiwara, T. Domeki, Ryo Nojima, Masahide Sasaki

Published Jun 1, 2013• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have developed quantum key distribution based network switches. In the layer 2 switch, MAC addresses are encrypted to prevent illegal access from internal network. In layer 3, secure key are used in IPSEC protocol.
DOI
10.1109/cleopr.2013.6600230

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We have developed network ＂switches＂ with security enhanced by ＂quantum key distribution (QKD) systems＂. In a Layer 2 ＂switch＂, media access control (MAC) ad-dresses are encrypted to prevent unauthorized access from internal network. After an initial authentication, common random key bits are shared between the Layer 2 ＂switch＂ and users. MAC addresses are encrypted with shared key at every packet. In Layer 3, secure keys from a ＂QKD sys-tem＂ are used in the Internet Protocol Security (IPSEC) protocol for encrypting a payload in one-time pad, and also for extracting a message digest for unconditionally secure message authentication. In this way, network security can be effectively enhanced by QKD in an IP compatible manner.
Secure networks composed of optical networks and quantum key distribution (QKD) are considered in this paper. A network layer structure is defined to focus on issues important with respect to the QKD network layer that controls QKD links and supplies a secure key for message transmission. A multiple-user QKD network layer can be constructed with timing synchronization, secure key sharing between indirectly connected nodes with switched QKD systems and key relays, and key management to control the volume of key generation and supply in response to the demand from optical network nodes.
The combination of quantum encryption and internet technology has become an inevitable development trend. To improve the security performance of communication between control layer and forwarding layer in the software defined network (SDN), we propose a security scheme based on quantum encryption technology. The proposed scheme can realize two-way authentication and quantum key distribution between the controller and the switch. The security performance analysis shows that this scheme can effectively prevent eavesdropping attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks and replay attacks. It effectively improves the southbound security of SDN and provides a theoretical basis for the healthy development of SDN.
It is well known that optical access networks are able to provide high data rates over long distances and to a reasonable number of users. Security and privacy are always a challenge for public accessible network infrastructures. Especially in time-division multiplexing passive optical networks (TDM-PONs), in which the downstream signal is broadcasted to all users connected via the same wavelength channel in a shared fiber link, privacy can be a critical concern. Although encryption at the application layer can provide a high level of security, this can be achieved only if the encryption key distribution is perfectly save. On the other hand, encryption on the physical layer such as quantum cryptography or, more precisely, quantum key distribution (QKD) is a very promising approach to achieve secure communication. However, there remain several issues that have to be solved before the quantum cryptography reaches the maturity level needed for a cost effective implementation in practical networks. In this paper, we address quantum key distribution (QKD) over passive optical access networks, which is an enabling technology required to cost efficiently deploy practical quantum encrypted data communication in the access area. We study different methods to integrate QKD systems in conventional optical access networks and quantitatively evaluate their suitability for a potential implementation.