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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Spontaneous emission from a driven Doppler line

Maurice C. Newstein

Published Feb 1, 1972• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A previously developed theory of spontaneous emission from driven systems has been applied to the case of a Doppler broadened gas of two level atoms radiating into free space. The power spectrum of those photons radiated nearly parallel to the propagation vector of the driving field is predicted to differ from that of the undriven system. The case of zero attenuation coefficient (population equality in the two resonance levels) and the driving field tuned to the center of the Doppler line, is investigated in particular. When the saturation parameter is large there is strong suppression, in an interval about the central frequency comparable to the saturated width, of the spontaneous emission whose spectral components are phased for amplitude modulation relative to the driving field. An amount of power equal to that suppressed, but with spectral components phased for phase modulation relative to the driving field, is radiated in an interval about the central frequency comparable to the homogeneous width.

DOI
10.1109/jqe.1972.1076901

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A previously developed theory of spontaneous emission from driven systems has been applied to the case of a Doppler broadened gas of two level atoms radiating into free space. The power spectrum of those photons radiated nearly parallel to the propagation vector of the driving field is predicted to differ from that of the undriven system. The case of zero attenuation coefficient (population equality in the two resonance levels) and the driving field tuned to the center of the Doppler line, is investigated in particular. When the saturation parameter is large there is strong suppression, in an interval about the central frequency comparable to the saturated width, of the spontaneous emission whose spectral components are phased for amplitude modulation relative to the driving field. An amount of power equal to that suppressed, but with spectral components phased for phase modulation relative to the driving field, is radiated in an interval about the central frequency comparable to the homogeneous width.
We investigate the steady-state spontaneous emission spectrum of a three-level atom driven by two coherent fields and the absorption spectrum of a weak probe passing through a collection of such driven atoms. We find that the fluorescence spectrum is strongly affected by the decay rates of all the levels involved in the atomic evolution and not just by the decay parameters of the specific transition whose emission spectrum is being monitored. In particular, the spectral components can acquire very different widths and peak heights relative to the case of the standard resonance fluorescence in which a two-level system is driven by a single near-resonant field. An external probe signal passing through the gas of three-level atoms may be absorbed or amplified, as in the standard two-level case, but under specific operating conditions, amplification (or absorption) occurs over the entire range where the atomic response is appreciable. In this case the existence of amplification or absorption is controlled solely by the population difference between two dressed states of the system. We provide numerical results in support of our arguments for arbitrary values of the atomic and field parameters and also develop an analytic description in the limit of strong driving fields that leads to explicit line-shape and linewidth formulas.
The effect of the application of a classical driving field on the spectrum of spontaneous emission from a simple physical system is studied. The physical system consists of an ensemble of two-level atoms interacting with a relaxation mechanism. The single Lorentzian line-shape characteristic of the power spectrum of spontaneous emission for the undriven case is split into components by the driving field. This splitting is associated with the establishment of definite phase relations between the corresponding components of the field spectrum.
The coherent coupling of atomic levels under the action of driving electromagnetic fields is known to create unusual and interesting effects, such as the well-known population trapping phenomenon and subnatural line narrowing. In this paper we discuss two alternative configurations of three-level atoms, the cascade model and the inverted-V (lambda) model, in an effort to provide alternative options for experimental tests. In both cases we focus on the fluorescent emission spectrum of an atom driven by two resonant fields and on the absorption spectrum of a weak probe passing through a gas in such a driven system. Subnatural line narrowing can be obtained from the cascade system but not from the lambda system. The lambda system, however, is characterized by strong population trapping, so that it is not suitable for fluorescence studies (except out of resonance) because of its strongly reduced emission rate. The absorption spectrum of a weak probe displays gain features under high-field conditions which suggest that useful amplification of a probe or laser-like emission should be possible over appropriate frequency ranges. We give a physical interpretation of the origin of the gain and explain why that in the case of a lambda system, but not a cascade system, steady-state population inversion can be obtained between both excited states relative to the lowest state of the atom. We also discuss the effect of Doppler broadening on the predicted emission and absorption lineshapes.
Spontaneous emission can be modified if the atom is driven by an external coherent field. Such modification include the three-peak spectrum of resonance fluorescence from a two level atom. The spectral line elimination and cancellation of spontaneous emission is possible under conditions that the spontaneous emission from an excited atom can be trapped in the upper states without decaying. The amount of fluorescence in this case as well as the population of the upper levels can be controlled. If spontaneous emission along with atomic transition is suppressed, it is possible to create a population in version on this transition by using a very weak incoherent pumping.
We investigate the features of the spontaneous emission spectra in a coherently driven cold five-level atomic system by means of a radio frequency (rf) or microwave field driving a hyperfine transition within the ground state. It is shown that a few interesting phenomena such as spectral-line narrowing, spectral-line enhancement, spectral-line suppression, and spontaneous emission quenching can be realized by modulating the frequency and intensity of the rf-driving field in our system. In the dressed-state picture of the coupling and rf-driving fields, we find that this coherently driven atomic system has three close-lying levels so that multiple spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) arises. Our considered atomic model can be found in real atoms, such as rubidium or sodium, so a corresponding experiment can be done to observe the expected phenomena related to SGC reported by Fountoulakis et al. [Phys. Rev. A 73, 033811 (2006)], since no rigorous conditions are required.