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Optics Communications

Modeling and optimizing of high-concentration erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with consideration of ion-clusters

Jianfeng Li, Kailiang Duan, Yishan Wang, Wei Zhao, Yongkang Guo, Xiangdi Lin

Published Jun 7, 2007• 13 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optcom.2007.04.060

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The dependence of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) performance on the erbium ion concentration is studied experimentally and theoretically. The quantum efficiency of the amplifier is found to he strongly dependent on the erbium ion concentration, the signal wavelength, and the relative propagation direction of the pump and signal beams. This dependence is fully explained by the presence of an upconversion mechanism between ions residing in pairs or larger clusters and suggests that other sources of amplifier performance degradation (back-ground loss, excited state absorption, homogenous upconversion) are negligible. The experimental data show that in the present EDFA designs with over 80% quantum/conversion efficiency, the aluminum co-doped fibers with erbium ion concentration less than 20/spl times/10/sup 24/ m/sup -3/ (900 molar ppm Er/sup 3+/) are most suitable.