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Applied Physics A

Effects of modulation on signals obtained in saturated absorption spectroscopy experiments

Bernard Couillaud, A. Ducasse, A. Dienes

Published Aug 1, 1978• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf00885860

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We study modulation spectroscopy of the potassium D 2 transitions at 766.7 nm. The vapour pressure, controlled by heating a commercial reference cell, is first optimized using conventional saturated absorption spectroscopy. Heterodyne detection then yields sub-Doppler frequency discriminants suitable for stabilizing lasers in experiments with cold atoms. Comparisons are made between spectra obtained by direct modulation of the probe beam and those using modulation transfer from the pump via nonlinear mixing. Finally, suggestions are made for further optimization of the signals.
We experimentally study the character of saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) of the 87 Rb 5 S 1/2 → 6 P 3/2 transition at 420 nm in a miniature cubic glass cell (3 × 3 × 3 mm 3 ). The influences of the laser intensity and cell temperature on the saturated absorption resonance are comprehensively investigated to determine the optimal parameters for a compact stabilized frequency standard. By stabilizing the laser frequency to the optimized SAS signal, a beatnote stability of 2.4 × 10 −13 at 1 s is measured between two identical SAS systems, corresponding to a single-laser stability of 1.7 × 10 −13 at 1 s, assuming equal contribution from each laser. A further analysis of the noise budget reveals that the main contributions of short-term stability arise from the intermodulation effect and the laser frequency noise through the frequency modulation to amplitude modulation (FM-AM) conversion process. Our work provides a promising route toward high-performance miniaturized optical frequency standards based on high-lying excited-state transitions.