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Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Density matrix renormalization group calculations for doped Hubbard ladders

Steven R. White, R. M. Noack, Douglas J. Scalapino

Published May 1, 1995• 9 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf00752347

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We investigate the formation of stripes in $7r\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6$ Hubbard ladders with 4r4r4r holes doped away from half filling using the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. A parallelized code allows us to keep enough density-matrix eigenstates (up to m=8000m=8000m=8000) and to study sufficiently large systems (with up to 7r=217r=217r=21 rungs) to extrapolate the stripe amplitude to the limits of vanishing DMRG truncation error and infinitely long ladders. Our work gives strong evidence that stripes exist in the ground state for strong coupling (U=12t)(U=12t)(U=12t) but that the structures found in the hole density at weaker coupling (U=3t)(U=3t)(U=3t) are an artifact of the DMRG approach.
Density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations on four-leg $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ and Hubbard ladders have found a phase exhibiting ``stripes'' at intermediate doping. Such behavior can be viewed as generalized Friedel oscillations, with wavelength equal to the inverse hole density, induced by the open boundary conditions. So far, this phase has not been understood using the conventional weak-coupling bosonization approach. Based on studies of a general bosonization proof, finite size spectrum, an improved analysis of weak-coupling renormalization group equations, and the decoupled two-leg ladder limit, we here find new types of phases of four-leg ladders, which exhibit stripes. They also inevitably exhibit ``bipairing,'' meaning that there is a gap to add one or two electrons (but not four) and that both single electron and electron pair correlation functions decay exponentially, while correlation functions of charge-4 operators exhibit a power-law decay. Whether or not bipairing occurs in the stripe phase found in DMRG is an important open question.