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The European Physical Journal D

Phase separation of ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose gases in non-zero magnetic field

Gergely Szirmai, Krisztián Kis-Szabó, P. Szépfalusy

Published Aug 8, 2005• 7 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2005-00221-7

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By studying the zero-temperature and nonzero-temperature phase diagrams of the ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Hubbard model under an external magnetic field, we find that the competition between ferromagnetism and the quadratic Zeeman energy yields two superfluid phases, which feature discontinuous first-order phase transitions between them for a strongly spinor Bose gas such as 7Li^{7}\mathrm{Li}7Li, contrary to the corresponding continuum system.
We find nearly all the exact ground states of a mixture of two species of spin-1 atoms with both interspecies and intraspecies spin exchanges in the absence of a magnetic field. The quantum phase diagram in the three-dimensional parameter space and its two-dimensional cross sections are described. The boundaries where the ground states are either continuous or discontinuous are determined, with the latter identified as where quantum phase transitions take place. The two species are always disentangled if the interspecies spin coupling is ferromagnetic or zero. Quantum phase transitions occur when the interspecies spin coupling varies between antiferromagnetic and zero or ferromagnetic while the two intraspecies spin couplings both remain ferromagnetic. On the other hand, by tuning the interspecies spin coupling from zero to antiferromagnetic and then back to zero, one can circumvent the quantum phase transition due to sign change of the intraspecies spin coupling of a single species, which is spin decoupled with the other species with ferromagnetic intraspecies spin coupling. Generally speaking, interplay among interspecies and two intraspecies spin exchanges significantly enriches quantum phases of spinor atomic gases.