Microwave photonic pulse generation has intrinsic high speed and large bandwidth, and it can overcome the sampling-rate limitation in the electrical domain. Herein, we propose a partly temporally-overlapped photon echo scheme to generate microwave pulses with a high data transfer rate and precision pulse width. The partly overlapped chirped control pulse has the same chirped rate segments but different time delays. The time delay between the segments and the number of segments can be adjusted to achieve a controllable multipulse photon echo train. We developed a theoretical model based on the photon echo process and performed simulations to obtain nonlinear chirped periodic spectral grating in a Tm3+:YAG crystal and gave the time delay provided by the spectral grating to the probe pulse at different instantaneous frequencies. We further generated pulse code modulation signals to verify the performance of the target signal. The proposed signal-generation scheme has potential applications in microwave photonics and modern radar systems.Microwave photonic pulse generation has intrinsic high speed and large bandwidth, and it can overcome the sampling-rate limitation in the electrical domain. Herein, we propose a partly temporally-overlapped photon echo scheme to generate microwave pulses with a high data transfer rate and precision pulse width. The partly overlapped chirped control pulse has the same chirped rate segments but different time delays. The time delay between the segments and the number of segments can be adjusted to achieve a controllable multipulse photon echo train. We developed a theoretical model based on the photon echo process and performed simulations to obtain nonlinear chirped periodic spectral grating in a Tm3+:YAG crystal and gave the time delay provided by the spectral grating to the probe pulse at different instantaneous frequencies. We further generated pulse code modulation signals to verify the performance of the target signal. The proposed signal-generation scheme has potential applications in microwave photonics and modern radar systems.

IEEE photonics journalDec 20, 20210 citations

Photon-echo nuclear double resonance and its application in ruby

P. F. Liao, Pan Hu, R. W. Leigh +1 more

A photon-echo nuclear double resonance (PENDOR) experiment which detects nuclear magnetic resonances by monitoring the stimulated photon-echo intensity after the application of an rf pulse is described and used to determine the Cr-Al hyperfine and electric-quadrupole interaction parameters associated with the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ion in the $^{2}E(\overline{E})$ optically excited state in ruby. Most of these parameters are found to be within a few percent of the values associated with ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ in the $^{4}A_{2}$ ground state. Resonances are also observed associated with the latter, state, and they are in agreement with previous spin-echo ENDOR work. High resolution is obtained by using a gated cw ruby laser which generates a rapid train of three-pulse stimulated-photon echoes with a long time interval between the second and third excitation pulses. The theoretical behavior of the PENDOR effect is discussed with emphasis on the ability to disentangle complicated multiple overlapping resonances by causing whole sets of resonances to disappear in a controlled way.A photon-echo nuclear double resonance (PENDOR) experiment which detects nuclear magnetic resonances by monitoring the stimulated photon-echo intensity after the application of an rf pulse is described and used to determine the Cr-Al hyperfine and electric-quadrupole interaction parameters associated with the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ion in the $^{2}E(\overline{E})$ optically excited state in ruby. Most of these parameters are found to be within a few percent of the values associated with ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ in the $^{4}A_{2}$ ground state. Resonances are also observed associated with the latter, state, and they are in agreement with previous spin-echo ENDOR work. High resolution is obtained by using a gated cw ruby laser which generates a rapid train of three-pulse stimulated-photon echoes with a long time interval between the second and third excitation pulses. The theoretical behavior of the PENDOR effect is discussed with emphasis on the ability to disentangle complicated multiple overlapping resonances by causing whole sets of resonances to disappear in a controlled way.

Physical Review AJan 1, 197443 citations

Generation and relaxation of photon echoes

Sven R. Hartmann

Jan 1, 19691 citation

Photon echo from small-area exciting pulses

I. V. Evseev, V. M. Ermachenko

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical PhysicsMay 1, 19791 citation

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

ion in the

^{2}E(\overline{E})

optically excited state in ruby. Most of these parameters are found to be within a few percent of the values associated with

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

in the

^{4}A_{2}

ground state. Resonances are also observed associated with the latter, state, and they are in agreement with previous spin-echo ENDOR work. High resolution is obtained by using a gated cw ruby laser which generates a rapid train of three-pulse stimulated-photon echoes with a long time interval between the second and third excitation pulses. The theoretical behavior of the PENDOR effect is discussed with emphasis on the ability to disentangle complicated multiple overlapping resonances by causing whole sets of resonances to disappear in a controlled way.