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Physical Review A

Statistical and phase properties of the binomial states of the electromagnetic field

A. Vidiella-Barranco, José Antonio Roversi

Published Dec 1, 1994• 93 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the nonclassical properties of the single-mode binomial states of the quantized electromagnetic field. We concentrate our analysis on the fact that the binomial states interpolate between the coherent states and the number states, depending on the values of the parameters involved. We discuss their statistical properties, such as squeezing (second and fourth order) and sub-Poissonian character. We show how the transition between those two fundamentally different states occurs, employing quasiprobability distributions in phase space, and we provide, at the same time, an interesting picture for the origin of second-order quadrature squeezing. We also discuss the phase properties of the binomial states using the Hermitian-phase-operator formalism.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.50.5233

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We investigate the nonclassical properties of the single-mode binomial states of the quantized electromagnetic field. We concentrate our analysis on the fact that the binomial states interpolate between the coherent states and the number states, depending on the values of the parameters involved. We discuss their statistical properties, such as squeezing (second and fourth order) and sub-Poissonian character. We show how the transition between those two fundamentally different states occurs, employing quasiprobability distributions in phase space, and we provide, at the same time, an interesting picture for the origin of second-order quadrature squeezing. We also discuss the phase properties of the binomial states using the Hermitian-phase-operator formalism.
“Hypergeometric states,” which are a one-parameter generalization of binomial states of the single-mode quantized radiation field, are introduced and their nonclassical properties are investigated. Their limits to the binomial states and to the coherent and number states are studied. The ladder operator formulation of the hypergeometric states is found and the algebra involved turns out to be a one-parameter deformation of su(2) algebra. These states exhibit highly nonclassical properties, like sub-Poissonian character, antibunching, and squeezing effects. The quasiprobability distributions in phase space, namely the Q and the Wigner functions are studied in detail. These remarkable properties seem to suggest that the hypergeometric states deserve further attention from theoretical and applicational sides of quantum optics.
In this communication we investigate the action of a single-mode squeeze operator on the statistical behaviour of different binomial states. For the resulting states (squeezed generalized binomial states) normalized second-order correlation function, quasiprobability distribution functions and the distribution function P(x) associated with the quadrature x are studied both analytically and numerically. Furthermore, the quadrature phase distribution as well as the phase distribution in the framework of Pegg–Barnett formalism are discussed.
New states of electromagnetic field, generalized excited negative binomial states are introduced here. These states interpolate between the superposition of two excited coherent states and number states. The non-classical properties for these states are discussed, such as, second order correlation function, squeezing phenomena [normal squeezing and amplitude squared squeezing], phase properties in Pegg–Barnett formalism and the quasi-probability distribution functions (Q-function and Wigner function).
In the present paper we introduce a nonlinear binomial state (the state which interpolates between the nonlinear coherent and number states). The main investigation concentrates on the statistical properties for such a state where we consider the squeezing phenomenon by examining the variation in the quadrature variances for both normal and amplitude-squared squeezing. Examinations for the quasi-probability distribution functions ( W -Wigner and Q -functions) are also given for both diagonal and off diagonal terms. The quadrature distribution and the phase distribution as well as the phase variances are discussed. Moreover, we give in detail a generation scheme for such state.