Internalization of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is a key first step in learning and understanding the wave-particle duality of matter, which is at the core of quantum mechanics, but can be difficult to comprehend due to the examples traditionally employed. A new model for introducing the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to upper-level undergraduates is presented. The fundamental physics underlying the uncertainty between momentum and position (or frequency and time) is demonstrated via analogy to familiar acoustical examples, allowing students to hear the effects of the uncertainty principle. Thunder serves as a particularly intuitive example, illustrating both the lower bound of certainty and situations in which the actual uncertainty is greater than the limit dictated by Heisenberg. Additionally, a simple mathematical model is presented to illustrate the trade off between uncertainty in frequency and in time.
The description of a quantum system in terms of angle variables may violate Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The familiar case is the azimutal angle ϕ and its canonical moment Lz. Although this problem was foreseen almost a century ago, up to the present days there are no criteria to precisely characterize the violation. In this paper, we present a theorem which provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the violation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. We illustrate our results with analytical examples.