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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Confluent singularities and hyperscaling in the spin-1/2Ising model

John J. Rehr

Published Jul 1, 1979• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using a confluent singularity analysis based on the generalised recurrence method, the series for the correlation length in terms of a dimensionless coupling constant is analysed, extending an approach of Nickel and Sharpe (1979). The results suggest that the spin- 1 / 2 BCC Ising model satisfies hyperscaling and has the same confluent singularity structure expected for models of the (n=1, D=3) universality class.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/12/7/006

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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General•Oct 1, 1985•2 citations
Using a confluent singularity analysis based on the generalised recurrence method, the series for the correlation length in terms of a dimensionless coupling constant is analysed, extending an approach of Nickel and Sharpe (1979). The results suggest that the spin- 1 / 2 BCC Ising model satisfies hyperscaling and has the same confluent singularity structure expected for models of the (n=1, D=3) universality class.
We analyze the 21st-order series of Nickel for the susceptibility and the correlation length of the spin-sss Ising model for the bcc lattice with the use of an unbiased method of confluent singularity analysis tailored to the loose-packed lattices. This modified five-fit method of analysis assumes a parametrization which includes one confluent correction, e.g., for the susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}={\mathrm{At}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}}(1+{\mathrm{Bt}}^{{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}})$, where $t=1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{T}_{c}}{T}$. The method determines sequences for these five parameters, e.g., ${\mathrm{lim}}_{n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{n}=\ensuremath{\gamma}$, by equating five consecutive even or odd coefficients in the perturbation series with the five corresponding coefficients in the expansion of the assumed parametrization and by solving the five equations for the five parameters numerically. Our analysis of the spin-sss Ising-model series shows that the indices $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $2\ensuremath{\nu}$ are smaller than indicated by early analysis on shorter series and that the confluent correction is apparently not significant for spin-\textonehalf{}, validating the use of ratio methods for the spin-\textonehalf{} series. Considering the results of both the confluent singularity analysis and the standard analysis of the spin-\textonehalf{} series, we estimate $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.242 (+0.003, \ensuremath{-}0.005)$ and $2\ensuremath{\nu}=1.268(+0.006, \ensuremath{-}0.008)$, in basic agreement with renormalization-group calculations, hyperscaling, and the biased analysis of Nickel's series. Test-function analysis demonstrates the reliability of the method. Estimates for the leading index represent a significant improvement over older methods, e.g., the ratio method. Estimates for the correction exponent and amplitude are consistently high, presumably because the method must try to have one correction mimic all the corrections to the leading singularity.
We report a detailed study of twelve-term, high-temperature series for the second moment of spin-pair correlations ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{2}(t)$ and the specific heat cH(t){c}_{H}(t)cH​(t) of the nearest-neighbor spin-sss Ising model in zero magnetic field on the fcc lattice. Near criticality we find ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{2}(t)={A}_{2}(s)t{(s)}^{\ensuremath{-}(\ensuremath{\gamma}+2\ensuremath{\nu})}[1 + {B}_{2}(s)t{(s)}^{{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}}+ \ensuremath{\cdots}]$, {$t(s)=\frac{[T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c}(s)]}{T}$}, showing a confluent correction to the dominant scaling singularity. To within uncertainties the exponents have the universal (i.e., spin-independent) values $\ensuremath{\nu}={0.638}_{\ensuremath{-}0.008}^{+0.002}$ (with $\ensuremath{\gamma}={1.250}_{\ensuremath{-}0.007}^{+0.003}$) and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}=0.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$. The confluent exponent ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ is in reasonable agreement with the correction-to-scaling index derived from earlier analysis of the susceptibility, as predicted by renormalization-group arguments. A similar analysis of the specific heat cH{c}_{H}cH​ for the same model finds no detectable confluent singularities in rather noisy, high-temperature series and gives $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.125\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020$ in general confirmation of earlier s=12s=\frac{1}{2}s=21​ estimates. With $\ensuremath{\nu}$ as quoted above the hyperscaling relation $d\ensuremath{\nu}=2\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ at d=3d=3d=3 requires $\ensuremath{\alpha}={0.086}_{\ensuremath{-}0.006}^{+0.024}$ so the validity of hyperscaling remains problematical.
The spin- 1 / 2 Ising model high-temperature series are re-examined by an analysis that parallels the method used to analyse the continuum phi 4 spin model. Results of the Ising model in three dimensions do not agree with results in the literature based on more conventional methods of analysis. The authors cannot decide using only the series terms presently available, which of the methods is to be preferred. They conclude that previous error assessments are unduly optimistic and that the three-dimensional, spin- 1 / 2 , Ising model may satisfy hyperscaling in agreement with the continuum results. An attempt is made to estimate the number of additional high-temperature series terms necessary to resolve the hyperscaling question.
The validity of the hyperscaling relation 2 Delta -dv- gamma =0 is studied for the four-dimensional spin- 1 / 2 Ising model. High-temperature series expansions are derived for the fourth-field derivative chi 0 (2) of the free energy on the four-dimensional hyper-face-centred cubic (HFCC) and hyper-body-centred cubic (HBCC) lattices to order 9 and 11 respectively. These are analysed, together with other series already available for the susceptibility chi 0 and correlation length xi for the HFCC, HBCC and the hyper-simple cubic (HSC) lattices. All these series are found to behave consistently with the asymptotic form t -q mod lnt mod p , where t is a reduced temperature variable and q is the appropriate mean-field exponent (so that hyperscaling is satisfied automatically). The best estimates for p are as follows: p=0.30+or-0.05 (HFCC), 0.32+or-0.05 (HBCC) for xi 0 (with q=1= gamma ) and p=0.33+or-0.05 for xi 2 (with q=1=2v). These estimates are in good agreement with the renormalisation group (RG) prediction of p= 1 / 3 . Results for chi 0 (2) are more slowly convergent, but are still consistent with p= 1 / 3 for q=4=2 Delta + gamma .
We have extended the series for the zero-field susceptibility of the spin-sss Ising model through tenth order in the reduced inverse temperature KKK on the square, triangular, simple-cubic, body-centered-cubic, and face-centered-cubic lattices. The series coefficients hn(s){h}_{n}(s)hn​(s) are expressed as simple polynomials in X=s(s+1)X=s(s+1)X=s(s+1). Using extended methods of analysis we have estimated the nature of the leading singularities on the face-centered lattice and conclude with good confidence that the susceptibility exponent ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}$ equals 1.25, independent of sss. The exponent of the leading correction term is estimated to be ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{2}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$ in good agreement with renormalization-group theory. For s=12s=\frac{1}{2}s=21​ only, the amplitude of the confluent correction apparently vanishes. We have also studied the leading singularities on the triangular lattice and conclude that ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}=\frac{7}{4}$, independent of sss, with, however, much stronger corrections than in three dimensions. These results provide a very strong corroboration of the universality hypothesis.
The authors re-examine, using a confluent singularity analysis, existing low-temperature series for the mean size of finite clusters for the pure spin- 1 / 2 nearest-neighbour Ising model in two dimensions. Although the triangular lattice is problematical, results for the honeycomb and square lattices may be interpreted as indicating a dominant exponent theta =1.87+or-0.04 (consistent with the theoretical prediction theta = gamma + beta ), together with competing analytic and non-analytic ( Delta 1 =1.35+or-0.25) correction-to-scaling terms.