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Optica Acta International Journal of Optics

Quantum Statistical Properties of Photon and Phonon Fields in Brillouin Scattering with Intense Pumping

A. Pieczonková

Published Nov 1, 1982• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum statistical properties of Brillouin scattering of intense laser light are derived including the coupling of Stokes, anti-Stokes and phonon modes, if the anti-Stokes interaction prevails. Making use of the coherent-state technique, the Heisenberg equations of this process are solved neglecting the loss mechanism, and the normal quantum characteristic function and the normal generating function are derived. The time dependences of the photon distribution and its factorial moments are demonstrated if the phonon, Stokes and anti-Stokes modes are initially in a coherent state and periodical anti-bunching of the field is found when the phases of the incident fields fulfil certain phase conditions; the field can also return to the coherent state again.

DOI
10.1080/713820786

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Raman scattering from a great number of phonon modes is described from a quantum-statistical point of view within the standing-wave model. The master equation for the completely quantum case, including laser pump depletion and stochastic coupling of Stokes and anti-Stokes modes, is derived and converted to classical equations: either into a generalized Fokker-Planck equation and an equation of motion for the characteristic function or into the master equation in Fock representation. These two approaches are developed both in linear and nonlinear regime. A detailed analysis of scattering into Stokes and anti-Stokes modes in linear regime, i.e., under parametric approximation, is presented. The existence of s-parametrized quasiprobability distributions, in particular the Glauber-Sudarshan P-function, is investigated. An analysis of Raman scattering into separate Stokes and anti-Stokes modes in nonlinear regime, thus including pump depletion, is given. The master equation in Fock representation is solved exactly for the complete density matrix using the Laplace transform method. Short-time solutions, steady-state solutions and approximate compact form solutions are obtained. Relations between the quasidistribution approach based on the Fokker-Planck equation and the density matrix approach based on the master equation in Fock representation are presented. The photocount distribution and its factorial moments as well as variances and extremal variances of quadratures are calculated in both approaches giving the basis for the analysis of the quantum properties of radiation such as sub-Poissonian photon-counting statistics and squeezing. Various statistical moments obtained from numerical calculations utilizing our exact solutions, from the approximate relations for short times, and those obtained under parametric approximation are compared.
Photon-photon and photon-phonon anticorrelation effects in Raman scattering are studied theoretically. The Heisenberg equations of motion describing Raman scattering are solved in the short-time approximation. The laser, Stokes, anti-Stokes and phonon modes are quantised. The joint normally ordered characteristic functions are evaluated for modes exhibiting anticorrelation effects. The problem of existence of a Glauber-Sudarshan quasi-distribution function related to anticorrelation effects is considered. The magnitude of the anticorrelation effects depends on the initial statistical properties of the photon and phonon modes.
The quantum statistical properties of radiation in stimulated Raman scattering are derived including the coupling of Stokes and anti-Stokes modes, in dependence on the frequency mismatch and the mean number of phonons. Making use of the coherent-state technique, the existence of the Glauber-Sudarshan diagonal representation is discussed and the time dependences of the photon statistics are obtained. The anticorrelation and antibunching of scattered photons are found even if there is the frequency mismatch.
Statistical properties of optical fields in nonlinear couplers composed of two waveguides in which Raman or Brillouin processes (with classical pumping) are in operation and which are mutually connected through the mutual Stokes and/or anti-Stokes linear interactions are investigated within the framework of a generalized superposition of coherent fields and quantum noise. Heisenberg equations describing the couplers are solved both analytically under special conditions and numerically in general cases. Regimes for nonclassical properties of optical fields, such as sub-Poissonian photon-number statistics, negative reduced moments of integrated intensity and squeezing of quadrature fluctuations are discussed for the cases of single and compound fields. General results are compared with those from the short-length approximation.
Using the approximation of small fluctuations around a stationary solution, photon statistics and quadrature variances are derived in stimulated Raman and hyper-Raman scattering including the coupling of pumping, Stokes, anti-Stokes and phonon modes. The depletion of pump light is included. Compared to Raman scattering, additional regimes to generate anti-bunched, sub-Poisson and squeezed light were found caused by self-interaction of the pump mode. It was possible to include effects of nonlinear dynamics, initial squeezing of radiation and phonon system, external noise and losses.
The quantum theory of the statistical properties and the photocount statistics of intense radiation in Raman scattering are presented making use of the coherent-state techniques. Both the Heisenberg-Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations approaches are developed. The existence of the conditional Glauber-Sudarshan quasi-distribution is also discussed. The time dependences of the photocount distribution and its factorial moments are demonstrated in the case of stimulated scattering and anticorrelation and antibunching of scattered photons are found.