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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Spatial evolution of wave amplitudes, stability of solutions, and bifurcations in sum and difference frequency generation processes under two-photon resonance conditions

Nikolai E. Kornienko

Published Aug 31, 1985• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

An investigation is made of four-photon sum and difference frequency generation under two-photon resonance conditions allowing for population migration accompanying incoherent processes and for the possibility of a one-photon quasiresonance with the emitted radiation in inverted and uninverted media. A study is made of parametric bleaching of the medium and phase locking of the interacting waves, their stability, and influence on the conversion quantum efficiency η . It is established that resonant parametric processes have a larger region of stability than nonresonant ones. An analysis is made of bifurcation, typical of resonant processes, that strongly influences η . Accurate analytic expressions are derived for the maximum attainable values of η and it is shown that there is an optimum frequency detuning from a one-photon resonance.

DOI
10.1070/qe1985v015n08abeh007347

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An investigation is made of four-photon sum and difference frequency generation under two-photon resonance conditions allowing for population migration accompanying incoherent processes and for the possibility of a one-photon quasiresonance with the emitted radiation in inverted and uninverted media. A study is made of parametric bleaching of the medium and phase locking of the interacting waves, their stability, and influence on the conversion quantum efficiency η . It is established that resonant parametric processes have a larger region of stability than nonresonant ones. An analysis is made of bifurcation, typical of resonant processes, that strongly influences η . Accurate analytic expressions are derived for the maximum attainable values of η and it is shown that there is an optimum frequency detuning from a one-photon resonance.
An expression is obtained for the nonlinear susceptibility governing the addition of frequencies under resonance conditions. Allowance is made for the Stark shift, changes in populations, and transient response of the medium. Analysis is made of the stimulated emission of the third harmonic as a result of two-photon resonance in parallel and focused beams. It is shown that the saturation effect limits seriously the conversion coefficient of a nonlinear medium of fixed length. Optimal intensities of the fundamental-frequency radiation are found. It is shown that when a beam is focused sharply in a nonlinear medium, the saturation effect and Stark shift make it possible to add frequencies in media with normal dispersion. The relationship between four-photon parametric effects and coherent resonant processes such as self-induced transparency is established for ultrashort pulses.
The transition regimes of solitons in four-photon resonant processes in the case of two-photon absorption of the fundamental radiation are numerically investigated. The standard system of equations for the amplitudes of probability of finding the system in state with certain energy is used to derive the expression for the induced polarization in the nonlinear medium. As for the equations for the amplitudes of the optical pulses, the general case is considered in which both the amplitudes and phases are space-time dependent. We focus on the finite difference methods and the case of simultaneously propagating solitons at all frequencies of the interacting waves (simultons). The obtained results indicate that upon certain threshold conditions all interacting pulses become the solitons of Lorentzian shape. The numerical analysis has also shown that the soliton amplitudes significantly depend on the ratio between the nonlinear polarizability at the fundamental frequency ω0 and that of combination of ω0 and the trigger-field frequency ω1(2ω0 + ω1). In the second part of the paper, we apply the method of phase planes to show that at typical values of parameters, the solitons are stable.
Six-photon parametric up-conversion under conditions of two-, three-, and four-photon resonance of a constant nonmonochromatic pump field is analyzed allowing for population migration, transient response of the medium, Stark shift of the levels, and width of the frequency spectrum of the the pump field. It is found that in the steady-state conversion regime, the maximum average conversion efficiency in the four-photon resonance case differs only negligibly from the maximum conversion efficiency in a monochromatic field, whereas in the two-photon and three-photon resonance cases it is higher than the maximum efficiency in a monochromatic pump field. An analysis is made of the influence of optically induced relaxation on the average conversion efficiency under conditions of pulsed excitation of two-, three-, and four-photon resonances.
A theoretical analysis is made of generation and amplification of Stokes and anti-Stokes waves in gaseous media allowing for Raman and parametric processes and saturation effects. Allowance is also made for any difference between the Raman polarizabilities of the Stokes and anti-Stokes waves which may be caused in particular by the occurrence of one-photon quasiresonances of the interacting waves. Assuming that pump and Stokes (or anti-Stokes) waves are applied at the entrance to a medium (inverted or uninverted), a general solution is found for the amplitudes of the interacting waves under exact resonance and phase-matching conditions. This is used as the basis to investigate their spatial evolution (in particular, for inverse Raman light scattering) and expressions are found for the maximum efficiencies for conversion of the pump to Stokes and/or anti-Stokes waves. It is shown that depending on the relationship between the Raman polarizabilities and also on the input parameters of the waves, conditions of parametric bleaching of the medium with nonzero amplitudes of all the waves or conditions of complete conversion of the pump to the Stokes and anti-Stokes waves or to one of these are established asymptotically. An investigation is made of the stability of these solutions.
Four-photon parametric up-conversion of a weak infrared signal under conditions of two-photon resonance of a constant nonmonochromatic pump field is analyzed allowing for population migration, transient response of the medium, Stark shift of the levels, and width of the pump frequency spectrum. It is found that under steady-state conversion conditions in a nonmonochromatic pump field, it is possible to achieve an average conversion efficiency differing only negligibly from the maximum conversion efficiency in a monochromatic pump field. An analysis is made of the influence of optically induced relaxation on the average conversion efficiency in the transient regime. Numerical estimates are made of the transition parameters for an alkali metal vapor in a frequency-degenerate pump field exciting a two-photon transition.