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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Noise spectroscopy of nonlinear magneto-optical resonances

A. Lezama, Paulo Valente, H. Failache, M. Martinelli, Luciano Soares da Cruz, D. Felinto, P. Nussenzveig

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Light noise spectroscopy is shown to be a sensitive tool for the detection of nonlinear magneto-optical resonances due to coherence in the ground state of alkaline atoms. Experiments with Rb and theoretical models are presented.
DOI
10.1364/iqec.2004.ithg15

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Nonlinear magneto-optical resonances occurring for near-zero magnetic field are studied in Rb vapor using light-noise spectroscopy. With a balanced detection polarimeter, we observe high contrast variations of the noise power (at fixed analysis frequency) carried by diode laser light resonant with the $5{\mathrm{S}}_{1∕2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}(F=2)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{\mathrm{P}}_{1∕2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}(F=1)$ transition 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb and transmitted through a rubidium vapor cell as a function of magnetic field BBB. A symmetric resonance doublet of anticorrelated noise is observed for orthogonal polarizations around B=0B=0B=0 as a manifestation of ground-state coherence. We also observe sideband noise resonances when the magnetic field produces an atomic Larmor precession at a frequency corresponding to one-half of the analysis frequency. The resonances on the light fluctuations are the consequence of phase to amplitude noise conversion owing to nonlinear coherence effects in the response of the atomic medium to the fluctuating field. A theoretical model (derived from linearized Bloch equations) is presented that reproduces the main qualitative features of the experimental signals under simple assumptions.
We describe the basic principles underlying resonant nonlinear magneto-optical spectroscopy of alkali atoms and show how the technique can be applied for high resolution investigations of weak and strongly suppressed processes in spin coherent atomic ensembles. We illustrate this by a detailed discussion of four distinct applications, viz. the detection of small biomagnetic fields, the space and time resolved tomographic study of gas phase diffusion, the measurement of linear and quadratic Stark effects in atomic ground states and the study of (quantum) crystal field effects on solid helium-isolated atomic defect structures.
Application of nonlinear magneto-optical (Faraday) rotation to magnetometry is investigated. Our experimental setup consists of a modulation polarimeter that measures rotation of the polarization plane of a laser beam resonant with transitions in Rb. Rb vapor is contained in an evacuated cell with antirelaxation coating that enables atomic ground-state polarization to survive many thousand wall collisions. This leads to ultranarrow features $(\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6} \mathrm{G})$ in the magnetic-field dependence of optical rotation. The potential sensitivity of this scheme to sub-$\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{G}$ magnetic fields as a function of atomic density, light intensity, and light frequency is investigated near the D1D1D1 and D2D2D2 lines of 85Rb.{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}.85Rb. It is shown that through an appropriate choice of parameters the shot-noise-limited sensitivity to small magnetic fields can reach $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12} \mathrm{G}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}.$
Highly sensitive Faraday rotation spectroscopy is used to measure the fluctuating magnetization noise of noninteracting rubidium atoms under resonant and nonresonant optical probing conditions. The spin-noise frequency spectra, in conjunction with the probe light detuning with respect to the D2{D}_{2}D2​ transition, reveal clear signatures of coherent coupling of the participating electronic levels. The results are explained by extended Bloch equations, including homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening mechanisms. Our measurements further indicate that spin noise originating from excited states is governed at high intensities by collective effects.