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Optics Express

Optical switching mediated by quantum interference of Raman transitions

Jiepeng Zhang, Gessler Hernandez, Yifu Zhu

Published Nov 4, 2008• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report an experimental study of quantum interference between two-photon Raman transitions and demonstration of the phase control of light attenuation/transmission in cold Rb atoms. By varying the phase and frequency of a weak control laser, either constructive interference or destructive interference between the two-photon Raman transitions in a three-level Lambda system can be manipulated. The interference enables absorptive switching of one field by another field at low light levels.

DOI
10.1364/oe.16.019112

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Atomic coherence and interference manifested by electromagentically induced transparency (EIT) and coherent population trapping (CPT) plays an important role in the current studies of atom-photon interactions and has found numerous applications in optical physics. EIT is created in a three-level atomic system by a coupling field and results in destructive interference between two excitation paths of a weak probe laser interacting with the atomic medium. This leads to suppressed linear absorption and rapidly varying atomic dispersion for the probe laser near the atomic resonance, which provides the platform for a variety of applications such as nonlinear optics at low light levels, slow light manipulation, and quantum state engineering for photons and atoms. Here we extend the simple three-level EIT system to more complicated and versatile configurations in a multi-level atomic system coupled by multiple laser fields. We show that with multiple excitation paths provided by different laser fields, phase-dependent quantum interference is induced: either constructive or destructive interference can be realized by varying the relative phases among the laser fields. Two specific examples are discussed. One is a three-level system coupled by bichromatic coupling and probe fields, in which the phase dependent interference between the resonant two-photon Raman transitions can be initiated and controlled. Another is a four-level system coupled by two coupling fields and two probe fields, in which a double-EIT configuration is created by the phase-dependent interference between three-photon and one-photon excitation processes. We analyze the coherently coupled multi-level atomic system and discuss the control parameters for the onset of constructive or destructive quantum interference. We describe two experiments performed with cold Rb atoms that can be approximately treated as the coherently coupled three-level and four-level atomic systems respectively. The experimental results show the phase-dependent quantum coherence and interference in the multi-level Rb atomic system, and agree with the theoretical calculations based on the coherently coupled three-level or four-level model system.

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We report an experimental study of quantum interference between two-photon Raman transitions and demonstration of the phase control of light attenuation/transmission in cold Rb atoms. By varying the phase and frequency of a weak control laser, either constructive interference or destructive interference between the two-photon Raman transitions in a three-level Lambda system can be manipulated. The interference enables absorptive switching of one field by another field at low light levels.
We report an experimental study of atomic coherence and interference in a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system of cold Rb atoms driven by multicolor coupling and probe fields. The multicolor coupling and probe fields open multiple channels for a two-photon Raman process. Interference between the open channels leads to rich spectral features in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system and can be controlled by the phase of the probe field. The constructive-interference-induced transparency or the destructive-interference-induced absorption with a subnatural linewidth can be selectively created near the atomic resonance.
We showed experimentally interference could be occurred between incoherent lights in a double-Λ lambda transition implemented with rubidium atomic vapor. Switching of probe transmission was controlled by the phases of two` independent probe lasers with low light intensity. More than 70% of the probe transmission could be switched by ultra-weak incoherent field. We suggested optically cryptic information could be delivered by the phase-controlled switching with incoherent fields in a double-Λ system.
We showed experimentally interference could be occurred between incoherent lights in a double- lambda transition implemented with rubidium atomic vapor. Switching of probe transmission was controlled by the phases of two independent probe lasers with low light intensity. More than 70 % of the probe transmission could be switched by ultra-weak incoherent field. We suggested optically cryptic information could be delivered by the phase-controlled switching with incoherent fields in a double-Λ system.
Atomic coherence and interference manifested by electromagentically induced transparency (EIT) and coherent population trapping (CPT) plays an important role in the current studies of atom-photon interactions and has found numerous applications in optical physics. EIT is created in a three-level atomic system by a coupling field and results in destructive interference between two excitation paths of a weak probe laser interacting with the atomic medium. This leads to suppressed linear absorption and rapidly varying atomic dispersion for the probe laser near the atomic resonance, which provides the platform for a variety of applications such as nonlinear optics at low light levels, slow light manipulation, and quantum state engineering for photons and atoms. Here we extend the simple three-level EIT system to more complicated and versatile configurations in a multi-level atomic system coupled by multiple laser fields. We show that with multiple excitation paths provided by different laser fields, phase-dependent quantum interference is induced: either constructive or destructive interference can be realized by varying the relative phases among the laser fields. Two specific examples are discussed. One is a three-level system coupled by bichromatic coupling and probe fields, in which the phase dependent interference between the resonant two-photon Raman transitions can be initiated and controlled. Another is a four-level system coupled by two coupling fields and two probe fields, in which a double-EIT configuration is created by the phase-dependent interference between three-photon and one-photon excitation processes. We analyze the coherently coupled multi-level atomic system and discuss the control parameters for the onset of constructive or destructive quantum interference. We describe two experiments performed with cold Rb atoms that can be approximately treated as the coherently coupled three-level and four-level atomic systems respectively. The experimental results show the phase-dependent quantum coherence and interference in the multi-level Rb atomic system, and agree with the theoretical calculations based on the coherently coupled three-level or four-level model system.