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Physical Review A

Rabi dynamics of coupled atomic and molecular Bose-Einstein condensates

Artur Mikhailovich Ishkhanyan, G. P. Chernikov, Hiroki Nakamura

Published Nov 15, 2004• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The dynamics of coherent Rabi oscillations in coupled atomic and molecular Bose-Einstein condensates is considered taking into account the atom-atom, atom-molecule, and molecule-molecule elastic interactions. The exact solution for the molecule formation probability is derived in terms of the elliptic functions. The two-dimensional space of the involved parameters intensity and detuning is analyzed and divided into two regions where the Rabi oscillations show different characteristics. A resonance curve is found, on which the molecular formation probability monotonically increases as a function of time. The maximum value of the final transition probability on this curve is $1∕2$ (i.e., total transition to the molecular state) and it is achieved at high field intensities starting from a minimal threshold defined by the interspecies interaction scattering lights. The explicit form of the resonance curve is determined, and it is shown that the resonance frequency position reveals a nonlinear dependence on the Rabi frequency of the applied field. A singular point is found on the resonance curve, where a power-law time evolution of the system is observed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.70.053611

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The dynamics of coherent Rabi oscillations in coupled atomic and molecular Bose-Einstein condensates is considered taking into account the atom-atom, atom-molecule, and molecule-molecule elastic interactions. The exact solution for the molecule formation probability is derived in terms of the elliptic functions. The two-dimensional space of the involved parameters intensity and detuning is analyzed and divided into two regions where the Rabi oscillations show different characteristics. A resonance curve is found, on which the molecular formation probability monotonically increases as a function of time. The maximum value of the final transition probability on this curve is 1∕21∕21∕2 (i.e., total transition to the molecular state) and it is achieved at high field intensities starting from a minimal threshold defined by the interspecies interaction scattering lights. The explicit form of the resonance curve is determined, and it is shown that the resonance frequency position reveals a nonlinear dependence on the Rabi frequency of the applied field. A singular point is found on the resonance curve, where a power-law time evolution of the system is observed.
We study the dynamics of the atomic and molecular Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of 87Rb^{87}\text{R}\text{b}87Rb in a spherically symmetric trap coupled by stimulated Raman photoassociation process. Considering the higher order nonlinearity in the atom-atom interaction we analyze the dynamics of the system using coupled modified Gross-Pitaevskii (MGP) equations and compare it with mean-field coupled Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) dynamics. Considerable differences in the dynamics are obtained in these two approaches at large scattering length, i.e., for large values of peak-gas parameter ${x}_{pk}\ensuremath{\ge}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. We show how the dynamics of the coupled system is affected when the atom-molecule and molecule-molecule interactions are considered together with the atom-atom interaction and also when the strengths of these three interactions are increased. The effect of detuning on the efficiency of conversion of atomic fractions into molecules is demonstrated and the feasibility of maximum molecular BEC formation by varying the Raman detuning parameter at different values of time is explored. Thus by varying the Raman detuning and the scattering length for atom-atom interaction one can control the dynamics of the coupled atomic-molecular BEC system. We have also solved coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations for atomic to molecular condensate formation through magnetic Feshbach resonance in a BEC of 85Rb^{85}\text{R}\text{b}85Rb. We found similar features for oscillations between atomic and molecular condensates noted in previous theoretical study and obtained fairly good agreement with the evolution of total atomic condensate observed experimentally.
Using an exact third-order NL di®erential equation for the molecular state probability, we develop a variational approach which enables us to construct highly accurate analytic approximations describing time dynamics of the coupled atom-molecular system in each of the interaction regimes. We show that the approximation describing time evolution of the molecular state probability both in the weak interaction limit and in the large detuning regime of the strong interaction limit can be written as a sum of two distinct terms; the ¯rst one, being a solution to a limit ¯rst-order NL equation, e®ectively describes the process of the molecule formation while the second one, being a scaled solution to the linear DK problemb (but now with modi¯ed parameters), models the remaining oscillations which come up when the process of molecule formation is over. The graphs of the approximate and numerical solutions are practically indistinguishable for almost all the time range.
Abstract We investigate the chaotic dynamics of a coupled three-level atom–molecular Bose–Einstein condensate system composed by one molecular mode and two atomic modes. With the increase of atom–molecular coupling strength, we reveal the emergence of chaotic oscillations of the relative population difference between two atomic modes, which can be proven by the broad windows with a huge number of frequencies in spectral density and the chaotic trajectories in phase space diagrams. The different effects of initial states on atomic population oscillations are revealed, where for more particles in the initial state of the molecular model, chaos appears in the larger parameter region of system dynamics. Furthermore, we find that strong intermolecular interaction strength can suppress chaos resulting from strong atom–molecule coupling. This is due to the difficult transformation between atomic and molecular modes, as well as the relatively independent dynamic evolution of atoms and molecules.
We demonstrate coherent one-color photoassociation of a Bose-Einstein condensate, which results in Rabi oscillations between atomic and molecular condensates. We attain atom-molecule Rabi frequencies that are comparable to decoherence rates by driving photoassociation of atoms in an ^{88}Sr condensate to a weakly bound level of the metastable 1S0+3P1 molecular potential, which has a long lifetime and a large Franck-Condon overlap integral with the ground scattering state. Transient shifts and broadenings of the excitation spectrum are clearly seen at short times, and they create an asymmetric excitation profile that only displays Rabi oscillations for blue detuning from resonance.
Dynamics of atomic and molecular bright solitons in a hybrid atom-molecular BEC (Bose Einstein Condensate) system of 85Rb coupled through Magnetic Feshbach Resonance (MFR) has been investigated. By solving the time independent atom-molecular coupled equations, the initial atomic and molecular wavefunctions were obtained and the dynamics of the initial atomic and molecular waves in a spherical one-dimensional trap were studied by solving the time-dependent atom-molecular coupled equations. During evolution two types of induced or stimulated decays of the feshbach molecules were switched on. These two types of stimulated decays of the feshbach molecules to the two-atom continuum and to the bound level of the lowest hyperfinee state of the molecule were induced by laser or Radio Frequency fields. Hence the strength of these two induced decays can be controlled by varying the laser or RF field parameters e.g. intensity, detuning etc. It is found that depending on the relative strength of these two types of stimulated or induced decays initial atomic and molecular waves assume solitonic nature as bright solitons during evolution and the stability of these solitonic waves can be achieved by controlling the relative strength of induced decays in two different channels. It is shown that these two induced decays lead to the formation of stable atomic and molecular solitons by suppressing the initial oscillations and instability in the atom-molecular coupled system of 85Rb atoms.
Bose-Einstein condensates present to us the opportunity to probe into the atomic interac- tions that govern a macroscopic quantum mechanical system. The degenerate hyperfine manifold in the bosonic atoms splits in the presence of an external B-field; radio-frequency induced coupling releases experimentally-attainable knowledge about the Zeeman mani- fold in 87Rb. The purpose of this study is to investigate quantum dynamics in two and three-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) systems. We start with a theoretical analysis of Josephson tunneling dynamics between identical BECs trapped in a double potential well, paying particular attention to the non-linear self-trapping effect observed as a consequence of the intra-well interaction. We present a model for the non-equilibrium dynamics in a two-level system and introduce the Rabi oscillations. This is followed by a numerical and experimental investigation of Rabi oscillations in a three-level 87Rb BEC between the F = 1 hyperfine level spin states mF = {1, 0, 1}. The relation between the observed total Rabi frequency and the detuning, along with its effect on the BEC population dynamics is explored. Finally, we explore the possible suspects for the shift of the resonance at strong Rabi frequencies .