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European Conference on Optical Communication

Quantum information processing: basic ideas, implementations, and possible impact on communications

Anders Karlsson

Published Jan 1, 1997• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The tutorial will review the field of quantum information processing, i.e. quantum cryptography, quantum error correction codes, quantum computing..., starting from basic ideas, to the present state-of-the-art. We will also identify some critical technologies as well as discuss the potential impact on communications.
DOI
10.1049/cp:19971461

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transmission of quantum states by using entanglement.Quantum error correction keeps the possibility of maintaining quantum coherence when an irreversible noise process exists.At present, the world is undergoing a new round of "quantum revolution".Quantum computing and communication technologies are accelerating breakthroughs in key technologies.In the new stage, some technologies are gradually being integrated with the system.Breakthroughs have been made in key technologies, such as integration, engineering, and networking.The integration of quantum communication with classical communication networks, multi-bit operation, and computing of quantum computers show the application prospects of quantum information in the industry. Brief introduction of the bookIn this book, we will introduce some fundamental quantum computing and communication technologies that will form the basis for much of what follows.After this brief introduction, we will review the basic conception and relevance of quantum algorithms, quantum computer, quantum code, post-quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution, and quantum teleportation respectively in detail.
In this tutorial we review basic ideas of quantum computing, from quantum bits and state entanglement to quantum gates and quantum networks [1]. In addition, we give an overview over possible physical implementations of quantum gates[2-6], with emphasis on quantum optical systems: this includes ion traps [2,3], and cavity QED in the optical and microwave domain [4-6], Fundamental problems of building quantum computers, in particular the decoherence problem, and error correction schemes for quantum memory elements [7] and quantum gates [8] will be discussed. We conclude with a critical evaluation what should be expected from quantum computing ideas in terms of applications in physics (quantum optics) and mathematics within the nest few years.
The aim of this tutorial is to introduce the field of quantum computation and communication. Evolution of quantum computation starting from the Quantum Turing Machine model will be briefly given. Then the circuit model using quantum gates is presented together with representative quantum algorithms that are executed more efficiently on a quantum computer. The recent quantum cluster-state model is then presented. Implementation considerations are also briefly outlined. Quantum communication concepts with particular emphasis on quantum key distribution for secure communication are presented. Achievements so far in the quantum network project supported by DARPA is briefly outlined. Finally, some basic ideas regarding quantum Internet will be given.
Quantum computing has emerged as a rapidly evolving paradigm withthe potential to transform information processing, communication systems,and computational security. This tutorial paper presents a structuredoverview of foundational concepts in quantum mechanics relevant tocomputation, including quantum states, photons, and core principles underlyingquantum information processing. It further reviews key quantumalgorithms and their implications for computational advantage over classicalapproaches. In addition, the paper examines the conceptual relationshipbetween quantum computation and information theory, highlightinghow quantum effects influence modern computational models. The discussionextends to emerging perspectives on quantum-enabled systemsand their potential impact on secure communications and cryptographicframeworks. Finally, the paper outlines current challenges, open questions,and future research directions in quantum computation and quantuminformation science, aiming to provide researchers and practitionerswith a consolidated conceptual foundation and forward-looking perspective.
English: Since its genesis, quantum mechanics has proved to be a very accurate model for predicting the behavior of the world below the nanoscale. However, crucial breakthroughs in technology were needed in order to be able to effectively access and manipulate such small magnitudes. During the last twenty years, the field of quantum information processing has experienced a growing interest, in its many variants, both theoretically and practically. Despite being still at a very basic stage, expectations are high. The uniqueness of quantum phenomena (superposition of states, creation of entanglement, etc.) have no classical analogue and allow novelties such as another paradigm of computation, more secure communications, quantum teleportation, quantum dense coding, etc. which are presented and analyzed here. The aim of this Thesis is to present in a unified way the main mathematical methods used in quantum information processing, as well as the state of the art of their corresponding technological implementations. Our contributions are based in making a self-contained presentation; seeking completeness, that is, treating the most relevant fields of research involved, focusing on their relations; and picking the most relevant, insightful references, given the quantity of literature produced in this field. We also discuss some of the fundamental questions that remain still unanswered, and which are the current lines of research to shed light on them.