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Communications in Mathematical Physics

The cluster expansion for potentials with exponential fall-off

David Brydges, Paul G. Federbush

Published Feb 1, 1977• 21 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf01609165

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The stability of the insulating regime of the Hubbard model on a ddd-dimensional lattice, which is characterized by an exponential decay of the Green's functions, is investigated in terms of a cluster expansion. This expansion for the Green's function is organized in terms of connected clustered transfer matrices. An upper bound for the expansion terms is derived for the hopping rate tˉ{\bar t}tˉ depending on the coupling constant UUU as ${\bar t}
In order to go over from a perturbation expansion of the grand partition function (the unlinked-cluster expansion) to an expansion of the thermodynamic potential (the linked-cluster expansion) in powers of the interaction, it is necessary to treat carefully those terms in which creation (or annihilation) operators for the same state occur twice or more. The unlinked- and linked-cluster expansions for a system of fermions are here shown to be equivalent by a direct comparison of the terms which occur in each. The relation between the two expansions is illustrated by the example of a system of fermions interacting only with a single-particle potential.
We discuss the application of numerical linked cluster expansions (NLCEs) to study one dimensional lattice systems in thermal equilibrium and after quantum quenches from thermal equilibrium states. For the former, we calculate observables in the grand canonical ensemble, and for the latter we calculate observables in the diagonal ensemble. When converged, NLCEs provide results in the thermodynamic limit. We use two different NLCEs: a maximally connected expansion introduced in previous works and a site-based expansion. We compare the effectiveness of both NLCEs. The site-based NLCE is found to work best for systems in thermal equilibrium. However, in thermal equilibrium and after quantum quenches, the site-based NLCE can diverge when the maximally connected one converges. We relate this divergence to the exponentially large number of clusters in the site-based NLCE and the behavior of the weights of observables in those clusters. We discuss the effectiveness of resummations to cure the divergence. Our NLCE calculations are compared to exact diagonalization ones in lattices with periodic boundary conditions. NLCEs are found to outperform exact diagonalization in periodic systems for all quantities studied.