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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Influence of AC Stark shifting on relative rates for two-colour multiphoton ionisation of Xe and Cs

P Kruit, W. R. Garrett, J. Kimman, Marnix J. van der Wiel

Published Sep 14, 1983• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An electron spectroscopic study is reported of multiphoton ionisation of Xe and Cs using two laser beams. One of the two beams is tuned to multiphoton resonance with an intermediate state and causes a considerable AC Stark shift. The second beam acts as a probe of the population and shift of the intermediate state. In Xe the authors deal with a three-photon resonance with the 6s level ( lambda approximately=440 nm); in Cs with two-photon resonances with Rydberg levels of the nd series. As probes, beams of either lambda =1064 or 532 nm have been used.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/16/17/012

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Ac Stark shifts induced by a YAG laser in the nP and nF Rydberg series in xenon

Didier Normand, Louis A. Lompre, Anne L’Huillier +5 more

Nonresonant ac Stark shifts of Rydberg states in Xe have been investigated by probing an atomic transition with a weak UV light in the presence of an intense YAG-laser pulse. Rydberg atoms produced through two-photon excitation, 5p → np (n = 15–48) and 5p → nf (n = 12–49), are subsequently ionized. IR-laser-induced shifts of the resonant ionization profiles are then measured. The measured shift, 3.9 ± 0.3 cm−1 at 1010 W cm−2, is more than a factor of 2 smaller than that expected from the basis of ponderomotive term, 8.5 cm−1 at 1010 W cm−2. In addition, the shift varies linearly as a function of the IR-laser intensity and does not depend on the principal quantum number of the np and nf series investigated here.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Aug 1, 1989•39 citations
An electron spectroscopic study is reported of multiphoton ionisation of Xe and Cs using two laser beams. One of the two beams is tuned to multiphoton resonance with an intermediate state and causes a considerable AC Stark shift. The second beam acts as a probe of the population and shift of the intermediate state. In Xe the authors deal with a three-photon resonance with the 6s level ( lambda approximately=440 nm); in Cs with two-photon resonances with Rydberg levels of the nd series. As probes, beams of either lambda =1064 or 532 nm have been used.
The authors report a high-resolution electron spectroscopic study of three-photon resonant, five-photon ionisation of xenon. The results are analysed in terms of a dynamic resonance of three photons with an AC Stark-shifted intermediate level (6s), followed by a saturated two-photon transition to the continuum. They demonstrate a linear relationship between detuning from the zero-field resonance position and the local momentary light intensity causing the five-photon ionisation. Thus, the AC Stark shift acts as a probe which selects a particular intensity from the wide range present in the laser focus. They determined the AC Stark shift of the 6s level the distribution function of the light intensities and the intensity dependence of the ionisation probability. High-resolution electron spectra are used in arguments to support the validity of their analysis.
For pt.I see ibid., vol.17, p.4135 (1984). Using a previously described new method to evaluate light-induced level shifts, it is experimentally demonstrated that the two possible intermediate 6D 2 states in four-photon resonant five-photon ionisation of mercury are mixed at high laser intensities. Due to this mixing, the AC Stark shifts of these levels are no longer quadratic in field amplitude. This is in good agreement with a simple theoretical model. This makes a direct determination of the oscillator strengths for two mercury lines possible.
We present a theoretical analysis of a recent experiment [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. B6, 1513 ( 1989)] on two-color three-photon ionization of Xe through resonant even-parity Rydberg states. We calculate second-order ac-Stark shifts, two-photon Rabi frequencies, and ionization widths by using wave functions obtained from a multichannel quantum-defect-theory analysis of the Rydberg series in Xe. We perform a detailed description of the experiment, using the density-matrix formalism, accounting for the temporal and spatial distributions of the laser fields. The agreement with the experiment is good except for the ac-Stark shift of the Rydberg states, which, in our calculation is close to the ponderomotive energy, whereas in the experiment it is measured to be half of this value.
The energy spectrum of electrons produced by multiphoton ionisation of xenon atoms has been measured, using a new type of electron energy analyser with an acceptance angle of 2 pi sr. Absorption of additional photons above the minimum number required for ionisation has been observed in the non-resonant as well as in the resonant multiphoton ionisation process. In the resonant proces the AC Stark shift is used to link wavelength detuning to the light intensity, in order to find the probability of extra photon absorption as a function of light intensity.
Nonresonant ac Stark shifts of Rydberg states in Xe have been investigated by probing an atomic transition with a weak UV light in the presence of an intense YAG-laser pulse. Rydberg atoms produced through two-photon excitation, 5p → np (n = 15–48) and 5p → nf (n = 12–49), are subsequently ionized. IR-laser-induced shifts of the resonant ionization profiles are then measured. The measured shift, 3.9 ± 0.3 cm−1 at 1010 W cm−2, is more than a factor of 2 smaller than that expected from the basis of ponderomotive term, 8.5 cm−1 at 1010 W cm−2. In addition, the shift varies linearly as a function of the IR-laser intensity and does not depend on the principal quantum number of the np and nf series investigated here.