An unusual optimum pair basis exists in the nuclear shell-model wave function for an even system of like particles. This prompts the proposal of a generalized pair mean-field method, in which the desired goal of avoiding the dimensional difficulty in the traditional shell-model approaches may be possible.
Knowledge of the nuclear level density is necessary for understanding various reactions, including those in the stellar environment. Usually the combinatorics of a Fermi gas plus pairing is used for finding the level density. Recently a practical algorithm avoiding diagonalization of huge matrices was developed for calculating the density of many-body nuclear energy levels with certain quantum numbers for a full shell-model Hamiltonian. The underlying physics is that of quantum chaos and intrinsic thermalization in a closed system of interacting particles. We briefly explain this algorithm and, when possible, demonstrate the agreement of the results with those derived from exact diagonalization. The resulting level density is much smoother than that coming from conventional mean-field combinatorics. We study the role of various components of residual interactions in the process of thermalization, stressing the influence of incoherent collision-like processes. The shell-model results for the traditionally used parameters are also compared with standard phenomenological approaches.
This thesis presents the path-integral formulation of the nuclear shell model using the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation, which linearizes the two-body interaction by auxiliary fields. The path-integral was evaluated via Monte Carlo. The method scales favorably with valence-nucleon number and shell-model basis: full-basis calculations can be done up to the rare-earth region, which cannot be treated by other methods. Observables are calculated for the ground state and in a thermal ensemble. Dynamical correlations are obtained, from which strength functions are extracted through the Maximum Entropy method. Examples in the s-d shell, where exact diagonalization can be carried out, compare well with exact results. The "sign problem", which is generic to fermion Monte Carlo calculations, is proved to be absent in a wide class of interactions including the attractive pairing-plus-multipole interactions. The formulation is general for interacting fermion systems and is well suited for parallel computation. The method has been implemented on the Intel Touchstone Delta System, achieving better than 99% parallelization.