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Physical Review A

Quantum pumping of interacting bosons

R. Citro, Natan Andrei

Published Jan 26, 2011• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum pumping in an interacting one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate is analyzed. It is shown that a spatially periodic potential, oscillating adiabatically in time with frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$, acts as a quantum pump inducing an atom current from broken spatiotemporal symmetries of the driven potential. The current generated by the pump is strongly affected by the interactions. It has a power-law dependence on the frequency with the exponent determined by the interaction, while the coupling to the pump affects the amplitudes. It depends on the phase difference between two umklapp terms of the drive, providing evidence for the full quantum character of the boson transport. The results suggest the realization of a quantum pump with laser-cooled atoms.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.015601

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Quantum pumping in an interacting one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate is analyzed. It is shown that a spatially periodic potential, oscillating adiabatically in time with frequency \ensuremathω0{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}\ensuremathω0​, acts as a quantum pump inducing an atom current from broken spatiotemporal symmetries of the driven potential. The current generated by the pump is strongly affected by the interactions. It has a power-law dependence on the frequency with the exponent determined by the interaction, while the coupling to the pump affects the amplitudes. It depends on the phase difference between two umklapp terms of the drive, providing evidence for the full quantum character of the boson transport. The results suggest the realization of a quantum pump with laser-cooled atoms.
Quantum pumping as a dynamical probe of the superfluid response of a one-dimensional (1D) quantum fluid is discussed. It is shown that a spatially periodic potential, oscillating adiabatically in time with frequency ω 0 , acts as a quantum pump inducing a continuous momentum current from broken spatiotemporal symmetries of the driven potential. The momentum current generated by the pump is strongly affected by the interactions. It has a power-law dependence on the frequency and the temperature with the exponent determined by the interaction. It depends on the phase difference between two umklapp terms of the drive, providing indication for the effect of quantum phase slips on the decay of superflow. Application of the results in understanding the superfluid properties of helium confined in nanometer-size pores or of laser-cooled atoms is briefly discussed.
We study charge and spin pumping in an interacting one-dimensional wire. We show that a spatially periodic potential modulated in space and time acts as a quantum pump, inducing a dc--current component at zero bias. The current generated by the pump is strongly affected by the interactions. It has a power-law dependence on the frequency or temperature, with the exponent determined by the interaction in the wire, while the coupling to the pump affects the amplitudes only. We also show that pure spinpumping can be achieved without the presence of a magnetic field.
Classical ratchet potentials, which alternate a driving potential with periodic random dissipative motion, can account for the operation of biological motors. We demonstrate the operation of a quantum ratchet, which differs from classical ratchets in that dissipative processes are absent within the observation time of the system (Hamiltonian regime). An atomic rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate is exposed to a sawtooth-like optical lattice potential, whose amplitude is periodically modulated in time. The ratchet transport arises from broken spatiotemporal symmetries of the driven potential, resulting in a desymmetrization of transporting eigenstates (Floquet states). The full quantum character of the ratchet transport was demonstrated by the measured atomic current oscillating around a nonzero stationary value at longer observation times, resonances occurring at positions determined by the photon recoil, and dependence of the transport current on the initial phase of the driving potential.
We study the response of a Bose-Einstein condensate to an unbiased periodic driving potential. By controlling the space and time symmetries of the driving we show how a directed current can be induced, producing a coherent quantum ratchet. Weak driving induces a regular behavior, and space and time symmetries must both be broken to produce a current. For strong driving, the behavior becomes chaotic and the resulting effective irreversibility means that it is unnecessary to explicitly break time symmetry. Spatial asymmetry alone is then sufficient to produce the ratchet effect, even in the absence of interactions, and although the system remains completely coherent.
Abstract We study the tunneling dynamics of N = 10 one-dimensional interacting bosons confined in a temporally driven double well potential that imitates a quantum seesaw and how we can manipulate these dynamics by changing the drive of the seesaw potential. We emulate the seesaw with a driven double well potential and consider two driving protocols: an harmonic constant-frequency drive and a chirped drive with linearly increasing frequency. We consider the time-dependent many-body Schrödinger equation of a repulsively interacting quasi-one-dimensional few-boson system. We solve it by using the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method for bosons (MCTDHB) as implemented in the MCTDH-X software. For an harmonic drive and at small values of the driving amplitude, the dynamics of the particles become very slow rendering a stationary-like state. In a phase-space picture the population imbalance between the wells follows a trajectory which is restricted to a comparatively small region of space. For an harmonic drive at intermediate amplitudes, the dynamics become periodic in nature, implying that the bosons populate each of wells periodically. At comparatively large amplitudes of the harmonic drive, the dynamics show features of chaos in phase-space representation. For the chirped drive with a driving frequency increasing linearly in time, the imbalance of the atoms in the seesaw, however, has a temporal evolution that is faster for certain frequency ranges. The tunneling dynamics in such cases, for small amplitudes, show the appearance of quasi-periodicity with simultaneously present slow and fast oscillations. Increasing the amplitude of the chirped drive, we observe that the dynamics, although being periodic, become severely damped in their amplitude. Our study establishes that by tuning the temporal evolution of the quantum seesaw, a precise control of tunneling dynamics of the correlated bosons can be achieved. Since harmonic driving and chirp frequency modulation of the seesaw are experimentally achievable, our simulations can be experimentally realized in laboratories dealing with cold atomic gases.
Thouless pumping provides a paradigmatic platform for studying the effects of interactions on topological transport in periodically driven systems. However, most studies have been constrained by adiabatic conditions, which preclude exploration of interaction-driven novel topological states at high driving frequencies. Here, we experimentally investigate the interplay between interaction and modulation frequency in Thouless pumping realized in a periodically modulated lattice in momentum space of atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. We observe fast Thouless pumping of matterwave solitons at intermediate interactions, with no counterpart in the non- or weakly interacting regimes. Beyond the boundary of topological phase transition induced by interaction, nonadiabatic quantized pumping of solitons emerges at high modulation frequencies over a broad interaction range, in good agreement with theoretical calculations, while the solitons remain trapped in the low-frequency adiabatic pumping regime. Our work opens new avenues for accelerating topological transport in driven quantum systems and engineering fast topological devices.