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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Effects of Double Magnon Scattering on the Particle-Particle Interaction in the Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model with Next-Nearest-Neighbor Hopping

Katsufumi Hashimoto

Published Jul 15, 2000• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate effects of double scattering by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation (magnon), denoted as DMS, on both the singlet and triplet particle-particle (p-p) interaction in the two-dimensional Hubbard model. Different band structures with different next-nearest-neighbor hopping parameter but with a fixed electron occupation number of around 0.85 are considered. It is first indicated that due to the retardation of magnon contribution from the p-p and hole-hole (h-h) pair in the intermediate states also arises in the vertex correction, which has sign opposite to that of the usual particle-hole (p-h) pair. The contributions of the p-h pair and of the p-p and h-h pair to the DMS correction are enhanced for large and small momentum transfer (MT), respectively. A model calculation is performed to show that when the Fermi level is near the Van Hove level, the DMS correction becomes comparable to the single magnon results. For singlet pairing state the DMS p-p interaction is repulsive at both large and small MT, while for triplet pairing state it is attractive at both MT. This indicates that the odd frequency anisotropic s wave triplet state is a possible candidate for superconducting states of the model, in addition to the x 2 - y 2 wave singlet one.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.69.2229

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We investigate effects of double scattering by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation (magnon), denoted as DMS, on both the singlet and triplet particle-particle (p-p) interaction in the two-dimensional Hubbard model. Different band structures with different next-nearest-neighbor hopping parameter but with a fixed electron occupation number of around 0.85 are considered. It is first indicated that due to the retardation of magnon contribution from the p-p and hole-hole (h-h) pair in the intermediate states also arises in the vertex correction, which has sign opposite to that of the usual particle-hole (p-h) pair. The contributions of the p-h pair and of the p-p and h-h pair to the DMS correction are enhanced for large and small momentum transfer (MT), respectively. A model calculation is performed to show that when the Fermi level is near the Van Hove level, the DMS correction becomes comparable to the single magnon results. For singlet pairing state the DMS p-p interaction is repulsive at both large and small MT, while for triplet pairing state it is attractive at both MT. This indicates that the odd frequency anisotropic s wave triplet state is a possible candidate for superconducting states of the model, in addition to the x 2 - y 2 wave singlet one.
A combination of analytical approaches and quantum Monte Carlo simulations is used to study both magnetic and pairing correlations for a version of the Hubbard model that includes second-neighbor hopping ${\mathit{t}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$=-0.35t as a model for high-temperature superconductors. Magnetic properties are analyzed using the two-particle self-consistent approach. The maximum in magnetic susceptibility as a function of doping appears both at finite ${\mathit{t}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and at ${\mathit{t}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$=0 but for two totally different physical reasons. When ${\mathit{t}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$=0, it is induced by antiferromagnetic correlations while at ${\mathit{t}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$=-0.35t it is a band structure effect amplified by interactions. Finally, pairing fluctuations are compared with T-matrix results to disentangle the effects of van Hove singularity and of nesting on superconducting correlations. The addition of antiferromagnetic fluctuations increases slightly the d-wave superconducting correlations despite the presence of a van Hove singularity which tends to decrease them in the repulsive model. Some aspects of the phase diagram and some subtleties of finite-size scaling in Monte Carlo simulations, such as inverted finite-size dependence, are also discussed.
We compute the two-particle quantities relevant for superconducting correlations in the two-dimensional Hubbard model within the dynamical cluster approximation. In the normal state we identify the parameter regime in density, interaction, and second-nearest-neighbor hopping strength that maximizes the d_{x^{2}-y^{2}} superconducting transition temperature. We find in all cases that the optimal transition temperature occurs at intermediate coupling strength, and is suppressed at strong and weak interaction strengths. Similarly, superconducting fluctuations are strongest at intermediate doping and suppressed towards large doping and half filling. We find a change in sign of the vertex contributions to d_{xy} superconductivity from repulsive near half filling to attractive at large doping. p-wave superconductivity is not found at the parameters we study, and s-wave contributions are always repulsive. For negative second-nearest-neighbor hopping the optimal transition temperature shifts towards the electron-doped side in opposition to the van Hove singularity, which moves towards hole doping. We surmise that an increase of the local interaction of the electron-doped compounds would increase T_{c}.
We study the renormalization of the electron-spin-fluctuation (el-sp) vertex in a two-dimensional Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor (t)(t)(t) and next-nearest-neighbor $({t}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ hopping by a quantum Monte Carlo calculation. We distinguish between el-sp vertices involving interacting particles and quasiparticles, i.e., we separate the renormalization of the vertex from that of the quasiparticle residue 1∕Z1∕Z1∕Z. We show that for ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0$ the renormalized el-sp vertex, not dressed by 1∕Z1∕Z1∕Z, decreases with decreasing temperature at all momentum transfers. As a consequence, the effective pairing interaction mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations is reduced due to vertex corrections. The inclusion of a finite ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}∕t<0$ increases the Landau damping rate of spin fluctuations, especially in the overdoped region. The increased damping rate leads to smaller vertex corrections, in agreement with earlier diagrammatic calculations. Still, corrections reduce the spin-fermion vertex even at finite ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$.
The search for superconductivity with unconventional pairing symmetry has been a central focus in the study of strongly correlated electron systems. In this work, we report a numerically exact study of the spin-triplet pairing in a two-dimensional Hubbard model with repulsive interactions, employing the determinant quantum Monte Carlo method. The model includes next-nearest-neighbor and third-nearest-neighbor hopping terms and maintains spin balance. By tuning the fermion filling close to a type-II Van Hove singularity (VHS) in the model, we numerically investigate the ordering tendencies of several possible pairing channels with different symmetries. Our numerical results provide clear evidence of the spin-triplet ppp-wave pairing instability approaching low temperatures, as revealed by the vertex contribution to the pairing susceptibility. This signature becomes increasingly pronounced as the interaction strength increases in the weak to intermediate regime. We further find that, near the type-II VHS, the dominant spin-spin correlations in the system are ferromagnetic, suggesting its close relation to the spin-triplet pairing instability. Our findings offer a reliable approach to realize spin-triplet ppp-wave superfluidity in the repulsive Hubbard model from an unbiased numerical perspective.
To clarify the effects of next-nearest-neighbor electron hopping ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ on the spin, charge, and pairing correlations, we studied the two-dimensional $t\ensuremath{-}{t}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}U$ Hubbard model using the constrained-path Monte Carlo technique. We found that a negative ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ suppresses the spin fluctuations near the Brillouin zone point $M=(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi})$ and the charge fluctuations near the point $X=(\ensuremath{\pi},0),$ while a positive ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ has the opposite effect. For a negative ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}},$ we also found that the long-range vertex contributions to the pairing correlations are heavily suppressed, but the local contributions are enhanced. Over the entire hole doping range studied, the d-wave long-range vertex contributions to pairing dominated those of the extended s-wave vertex contributions. In general, we did not find any tendency for these correlations to grow with increasing system size. We also did a limited number of simulations with an attractive nearest neighbor density-density interaction added to the $t\ensuremath{-}{t}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}U$ model. It enhanced the long-range vertex contributions to the pairing correlations only for weak values of U.
Quasiparticle bands of the two-dimensional Hubbard model are calculated using the Roth two-pole approximation to the one-particle Green's function. Excellent agreement is obtained with recent Monte Carlo calculations, including an anomalous volume of the Fermi surface near half-filling, which can possibly be explained in terms of a breakdown of Fermi liquid theory. The calculated bands are very flat around the (\ensuremath{\pi},0) points of the Brillouin zone in agreement with photoemission measurements of cuprate superconductors. With doping there is a shift in spectral weight from the upper band to the lower band. The Roth method is extended to deal with superconductivity within a four-pole approximation allowing electron-hole mixing. It is shown that triplet p-wave pairing never occurs. A self-consistent solution with singlet ${\mathit{d}}_{{\mathit{x}}^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathit{y}}^{2}}$-wave pairing is found and optimal doping occurs when the van Hove singularity, corresponding to the flat band part, lies at the Fermi level. Nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic correlations play an important role in flattening the bands near the Fermi level and in favoring superconductivity. However, the mechanism for superconductivity is a local one, in contrast to spin-fluctuation exchange models. For reasonable values of the hopping parameter the transition temperature Tc{\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}Tc​ is in the range 10--100 K. The optimum doping ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}_{\mathit{c}}$ lies between 0.14 and 0.25, depending on the ratio U/t. The gap equation has a BCS-like form and 2${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{max}}$/kTc{\mathit{kT}}_{\mathit{c}}kTc​\ensuremath{\simeq}4.