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International Conference on Quantum Information

Quantum computation with donor-based qubits in silicon cavities

R. L. de Matos Filho, Miguel Abanto, Belita Koiller, L. Davidovich

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a quantum computation scheme, which combines a silicon donor quantum computing architecture with the optical initialization, manipulation, and detection processes already demonstrated in ion traps. The errors in the implementation of logic gates would be bellow the threshold for scalable quantum computation.
DOI
10.1364/icqi.2007.ithb3

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We propose an architecture for quantum computing involving substitutional donors in photonic-crystal silicon cavities and the optical initialization, manipulation, and detection processes already demonstrated in ion traps and other atomic systems. Our scheme leads to easily achievable requirements on the positioning of the donors and considerably simplifies the implementation of the building blocks required for the operation of silicon-based quantum computing devices, including realization of one- and two-qubit gates, initialization, and readout of the qubits. Detailed consideration of the processes involved, using state-of-the-art values for the relevant parameters, indicates that this architecture leads to errors per gate compatible with fault-tolerant quantum computation and should be useful for quantum simulations and quantum optics applications.
An architecture for a quantum computer is presented in which spins associated with donors in silicon function as qubits. Quantum operations on the spins are performed using a combination of voltages applied to gates adjacent to the spins and radio frequency magnetic fields applied resonant with spin transitions. Initialization and measurement of electron spins is made by electrostatic probing of a two electron system, whose orbital configuration must depend on the spin states of the electrons because of the Pauli Principle. Specific devices will be discussed which perform all the necessary operations for quantum computing, with an emphasis placed on a qualitative presentation of the principles underlying their operation. The likely impediments to achieving large-scale quantum computation using this architecture will be addressed: the computer must operate at extremely low temperature, must be fabricated from devices built with near atomic precision, and will require extremely accurate gating operations in order to perform quantum logic. Refinements to the computer architecture will be presented which could remedy each of these deficiencies. I will conclude by discussing a possible specific realization of the computer using Si/SixGe1–x heterostructures into which donors are deposited using a low energy focused ion beam.
Recent experimental progress in quantum information processing with trapped ions have demonstrated most of the fundamental elements required to realize a scalable quantum computer. The next set of challenges lie in realization of a large number of qubits and the means to prepare, manipulate and measure them, leading to error-protected qubits and fault tolerant architectures. The integration of qubits necessarily require integrated optical approach as most of these operations involve interaction with photons. In this paper, we discuss integrated optics technologies and concrete optical designs needed for the physical realization of scalable quantum computer.
Qubits can be made out of a variety of experimental platforms, fig. 1. Small processors have already been demonstrated in trapped ions and superconductors but in both cases, the constraints for coherent manipulation and the effective large size of the qubits including all quantum functionalities are hardly compatible with very large-scale architecture. When it comes to the crucial issue of large-scale integration, Si spin qubits are well positioned due to their long coherence times and compatibility with semiconductor fabrication techniques. Indeed, dephasing times of the order of 1s have been achieved in Si-based spin qubits and single-qubit gate fidelities are high enough for scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computing.