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Physics-Uspekhi

A fairy tale of stopped light

Evgenii B. Aleksandrov, Valerii S Zapasskii

Published Oct 31, 2004• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that the sensational interpretation of the experiments described in the paper Storage of light in atomic vapor by Phillips D F et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001, v. 76, p. 783 is erroneous. The observations made in this work are easily explained in the framework of standard concepts of the light-induced anisotropy of an ensemble of atoms amenable to optical orientation and alignment. The response of the atomic medium detected by Phillips et al. has nothing to do with the authors' claims about 'storage of light', 'dynamic reduction of the group velocity of light', or 'compression of the light pulse'. This paper is an extended version of our critical comment rejected by Physical Review Letters.

DOI
10.1070/pu2004v047n10abeh002023

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It is shown that the sensational interpretation of the experiments described in the paper Storage of light in atomic vapor by Phillips D F et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001, v. 76, p. 783 is erroneous. The observations made in this work are easily explained in the framework of standard concepts of the light-induced anisotropy of an ensemble of atoms amenable to optical orientation and alignment. The response of the atomic medium detected by Phillips et al. has nothing to do with the authors' claims about 'storage of light', 'dynamic reduction of the group velocity of light', or 'compression of the light pulse'. This paper is an extended version of our critical comment rejected by Physical Review Letters.
It is shown that the interpretation of the experimental results reported in the publication Storage of Light in Atomic Vapor" by D.F.Phillips et al., Phys. Rev.Lett. 86, 783 (2001) is incorrect. The experimental observation of this paper can be consistently explained in the framework of standard concepts of the physics of optical pumping and have nothing to do with "storage of light'', or "dynamic reduction of the group velocity'', or "light pulse compression''.
I n 1998, laser pulses were slowed [1] in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEe) [2] ofsodium to only 17 m/s, more than seven orders of magnitude lower than the speed of light in vacuum. Associated with the dramatic reduction factor for the light speed was a spatial compression of the pulses by the same large factor. A light pulse, which was more than 1 km long in vacuum, was compressed to a size of -50 flm, and at that point was completely contained within the condensate [1]. This allowed the light-slowing experiments to be brought to their ultimate extreme [3]: in the summer of 2000, light pulses were completely stopped, stored, and subsequently revived in an atomic medium, with millisecond storage times [4]. The initial ultra-slow light experiments spurred a flurry of slow light investigations, and slow or partially stopped light has now been observed in limited geometries in warm rubidium vapours [5-7], liquid-nitrogen cooled crystals [8], and recently in room temperature crystals [9]. Here, we begin with a discussion ofultra-slow and stopped light. We describe how cold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates have been manipulated to generate media with extreme optical properties. While the initial experiments concentrated on the light propagation, we have recently begun a number of investigations of the effects that slow light has on the medium in which it propagates. Effects are profound because both the velocity and length scales associated with propagating light pulses have been brought down to match the characteristic velocity and length scales of the medium. With the most recent extension, the light roadblock [10], we have compressed light pulses to a length ofonly 2 f!ill. Here, we describe the use of ultra-compressed light pulses to probe superfluidity and the creation of quantized vortices in BEes through formation of'superfluid shock. waves'. We also present the observation of an ultra-slow-light-based, pulsed atom laser. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of slow and stopped light for manipulation of optical information, in particular in Bose-Einstein condensates that allow for phase coherent processing of three-dimensional, compressed patterns of stored optical information.
Storage of light pulses in Rb vapour with bright Zeeman coherences and the associated enhanced absorption and steep negative dispersion is reported. Our experimental observations are qualitatively similar to the well-known proof-of-principle demonstration of light storage (D F Phillips et al 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 783), but obtained under conditions where electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) does not exist and the slow-light dark-state polariton model does not apply. Under the present experimental conditions the retrieved pulses obtained in atomic media with dark or bright Zeeman coherences have very similar exponentially decaying slopes which are independent of the shape of the incoming signal pulse. Numerical modelling based on the optical Bloch equations reproduces the essential features of the experimental observations.