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The European Physical Journal D

New feature in selective reflection with a highly parallel window: phase-tunable homodyne detection of the radiated atomic field

A. Papoyan, Grigorii G Grigoryan, Svetlana Shmavonyan, David G. Sarkisyan, Jocelyne Guéna, Michel Lintz, Marie-Anne Bouchiat

Published Jul 5, 2004• 12 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2004-00088-0

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Selective reflection (SR) spectroscopy is usually performed in vapour cells with a wedged window. This prevents contributions to the SR signal due to interference with the beam reflected from the outer side of the window. We report, for the first time to our knowledge, SR spectroscopy measurements made with a cell having highly parallel windows. The recorded spectra are dramatically affected by the interference in the window [1]. When the two reflected beams interfere constructively (reflection maximum), the spectra display sub-Doppler features associated with the real part of the atomic response, as is usual in SR spectroscopy. By contrast, when the reflected beams interfere nearly destructively, the spectra are characterised by absorptive lineshapes, indicating that the imaginary part of the atomic response is dominant. Indeed, the use of a parallel window allows homodyne detection of the radiated atomic field. Phase tuning is achieved by choosing the order of the interference, here using temperature control of the window [2]. We first present the spectra, then give a qualitative explanation of this behaviour, and present a calculation of the reflected intensity, which takes into account, to all orders, the interference in the window. The model, with no adjustable parameter except the exact window thickness, shows excellent agreement with the spectra recorded on the caesium D2 line [1]. The interest of this experimental technique is that one can switch from one regime to the other very easily by changing the window temperature by a few degree Celsius (about 17°C in the case of our 0.5mm thickness sapphire window). It also allows tuneable laser frequency locking with a slope of about 2MHz/°C in our case. References: [1] A. V. Papoyan, G. G. Grigoryan, S. V. Shmavonyan, D. Sarkisyan, J. Guéna, M. Lintz and M.-A. Bouchiat, Eur. Phys. J. D30 (2004) 265-273 [2] E. Jahier, J. Guéna, Ph. Jacquier, M. Lintz, A. V. Papoyan and M.-A. Bouchiat: "Temperature-tunable sapphire windows for reflection loss free operation of cesium cells", Appl. Phys. B71 (2000) 561-565.

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Selective reflection (SR) spectroscopy is usually performed in vapour cells with a wedged window. This prevents contributions to the SR signal due to interference with the beam reflected from the outer side of the window. We report, for the first time to our knowledge, SR spectroscopy measurements made with a cell having highly parallel windows. The recorded spectra are dramatically affected by the interference in the window [1]. When the two reflected beams interfere constructively (reflection maximum), the spectra display sub-Doppler features associated with the real part of the atomic response, as is usual in SR spectroscopy. By contrast, when the reflected beams interfere nearly destructively, the spectra are characterised by absorptive lineshapes, indicating that the imaginary part of the atomic response is dominant. Indeed, the use of a parallel window allows homodyne detection of the radiated atomic field. Phase tuning is achieved by choosing the order of the interference, here using temperature control of the window [2]. We first present the spectra, then give a qualitative explanation of this behaviour, and present a calculation of the reflected intensity, which takes into account, to all orders, the interference in the window. The model, with no adjustable parameter except the exact window thickness, shows excellent agreement with the spectra recorded on the caesium D2 line [1]. The interest of this experimental technique is that one can switch from one regime to the other very easily by changing the window temperature by a few degree Celsius (about 17°C in the case of our 0.5mm thickness sapphire window). It also allows tuneable laser frequency locking with a slope of about 2MHz/°C in our case. References: [1] A. V. Papoyan, G. G. Grigoryan, S. V. Shmavonyan, D. Sarkisyan, J. Guéna, M. Lintz and M.-A. Bouchiat, Eur. Phys. J. D30 (2004) 265-273 [2] E. Jahier, J. Guéna, Ph. Jacquier, M. Lintz, A. V. Papoyan and M.-A. Bouchiat: "Temperature-tunable sapphire windows for reflection loss free operation of cesium cells", Appl. Phys. B71 (2000) 561-565.
The effect of the van der Waals interaction of cesium atoms with the sapphire windows of a nanocell was experimentally investigated using the selective reflection process. The distance L between the windows varied in the range of 50–2000 nm and the nanocell was filled with the vapors of cesium atoms. For the Cs atoms (the transition 6 S 1/2 → 6 P 1/2 ), the C 3 coefficient of the van der Waals interaction with the sapphire windows of the nanocell is measured. It is shown that it is possible to determine the magnetic fields with the spatial resolution of 70 nm using the selective reflection spectrum and, consequently, both the homogeneous and highly gradient magnetic fields can be measured.
Abstract The effect of selective reflection (SR) of laser radiation from the boundary of 87 Rb D 2 -line atomic vapors and a dielectric window was studied using a nanocell (NC) with a vapor column thickness of ~300 nm. The formation of an SR with a spectral width of 25 MHz, located on atomic transitions, is demonstrated. This is a record narrowing of the 670 MHz Doppler width by a factor of 27 using single-pass geometry. The SR signal reaches several percent of the intensity of its forming radiation, and the SR amplitude’s linear dependence is maintained up to 100 mW/cm 2 , which is almost two orders of magnitude greater than the saturation intensity of optical processes when using centimeter-long cells with atomic vapors. Such a high saturation intensity value is achieved by using the nanocell.