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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Cross-relaxation deactivation of the ground state of ions of rare-earth elements in crystals

Mikhail A. Noginov, A M Prokhorov, G. K. Sarkisyan, Valerii A Smirnov, Ivan A Shcherbakov

Published Sep 30, 1991• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An unconventional system for the excitation of crystals activated with Tm 3+ and Er 3+ ions was proposed and implemented experimentally. This eliminated the need for any direct interaction between the external electromagnetic field and ions in the ground energy state. It was shown that efficient filling of unstable states of these ions may be achieved as a result of the absorption of photons due to a transition from an excited state and subsequent cross relaxation of the excitation.

DOI
10.1070/qe1991v021n09abeh003996

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An unconventional system for the excitation of crystals activated with Tm 3+ and Er 3+ ions was proposed and implemented experimentally. This eliminated the need for any direct interaction between the external electromagnetic field and ions in the ground energy state. It was shown that efficient filling of unstable states of these ions may be achieved as a result of the absorption of photons due to a transition from an excited state and subsequent cross relaxation of the excitation.
New efficient mechanisms of long-wavelength excitation of short-wavelength luminescence in a system of rare-earth impurity ions are proposed. The model studied involves a multilevel system of electronic states of a rare-earth ion interacting with the long-wavelength emission that is in resonance with one or several transitions between the excited levels. The concentration of impurity ions is assumed to be sufficiently high, so that the interionic cross-relaxation and the up-conversion play a significant role. Moreover, the model includes processes similar to photon avalanche, in which the photoinduced excitation of a single ion is converted into lower-level excitations of several ions, each of them reentering the process after photon absorption. Numerical solutions of the system of balance equations for a multilevel system are obtained with calculated and semiempirical parameters of self-quenching and up-conversion. It is shown that, in a system of Tm 3+ impurity ions, short-wavelength luminescence at λ≥0.29 μm can be efficiently excited by radiation at λ≅1.11 or 0.649 μm with a moderate intensity.
This report summarizes research carried out to investigate energy transfer in an activator-activator system; that is a system for which energy transfer is reversible between certain metastable levels and for which stimulated emission from each of these levels can be generated. The specific system investigated is Er-Ho:YLF. Laser operation from two different ions in the same solid state host has been demonstrated. The 750nm (5S(2) - 5I(7):Ho) and 850nm (4S(3/2) - 4I(13/2:Er) transitions were observed simultaneously and separately at 77K. Cross transfer between the S levels was also observed and the cross transfer rates measured in crystals of five different compositions. Cross transfer between the S levels is mitigated by other cross relaxation transfer schemes which quench the S level storage time of each ion. Only about 25% of the initial population of one ion is transferred to the other in the optimum concentration, 2%Ho-2%Er, at room temperature. The cross transfer rate is only weakly temperature and concentration dependent; at low temperatures cross transfer is somewhat more effective as the decay rates of each ion are longer.
We present a scheme for quantum computing in rare-earth-ion doped inorganic crystals. We use two of the ground state hyperfine levels as the qubit states, with different qubits absorbing light at different frequencies within an inhomogeneously broadened optical transition. Interaction between different qubits is accomplished using the change in permanent dipole moment that is induced at the optical excitation of the ions. The two most important aspects of the scheme have been accomplished experimentally: The isolation of a single qubit in a pure state and interaction between ions absorbing at different frequencies.