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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Narrow-band planar waveguide transmission filter using spectral hole-burning

Marcel Tschanz, Aleksander K. Rebane, Urs P. Wild

Published Jul 28, 1994• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate a new integrated narrow-band spectral filter which consists of a planar waveguide covered with a thin polymer film donated with molecules liable to persistent spectral hole-burning (SHB) at liquid helium temperature. We show that such a device performs as a miniature programmable narrow-band spectral filter with a transmission bandwidth less than 1 angstrom. In contrast to currently used techniques, the frequency resolution of a SHB filter is limited, in first place, by the width of the homogeneous zero-phonon lines of the chromophore molecules, and not by the geometrical dimensions of the device.

DOI
10.1117/12.180975

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We demonstrate a new integrated narrow-band spectral filter which consists of a planar waveguide covered with a thin polymer film donated with molecules liable to persistent spectral hole-burning (SHB) at liquid helium temperature. We show that such a device performs as a miniature programmable narrow-band spectral filter with a transmission bandwidth less than 1 angstrom. In contrast to currently used techniques, the frequency resolution of a SHB filter is limited, in first place, by the width of the homogeneous zero-phonon lines of the chromophore molecules, and not by the geometrical dimensions of the device.
We have developed a new integrated narrowband spectral filter, which consists of a planar waveguide covered with a thin polymer film containing molecules, which undergo persistent spectral hole burning at liquid helium temperature. We show that such a device performs as a miniature programmable narrowband spectral filter, with a transmission bandwidth less than 1 GHz. In such a filter the frequency resolution is limited by the width of the homogeneous zero-phonon lines of the chromophore molecules, and not by the geometrical dimensions of the device. Experimental measurements in the time domain using a picosecond dye laser, and in the frequency domain using a single-mode diode laser, are presented.
At very low temperatures, the spread in the different environments of matrix embedded dye molecules results in an inhomogeneously broadened S1 ← S0 band. Spectroscopic techniques based on the appearence of optical zero phonon lines, such as fluorescence line narrowing, spectral hole-burning, and single molecule spectroscopy provide an experimental resolution limited by the homogeneous linewidth. From the investigation of the homogeneous line width as a function of different parameters (time, temperature) information on the guest host interactions responsible for the observed linewidth is obtained. Spectrally narrow features are extremely sensitive probes for external perturbations, such as electric fields, magnetic fields, or hydrostatic pressure.
Spectral hole-burning (SHB) technology is considered for >10-GHz instantaneous bandwidth signal-processing applications. In this context we report on what is believed to be the first demonstration of a SHB microwave spectrometer. A set of gratings engraved in a SHB crystal is used to filter one sideband of the optically carried microwave signal. The setup is confined to narrow-bandwidth operation, over a 35-MHz-wide interval. The first findings confirm the validity of the architecture in terms of spectral resolution, angular channel separation, and simultaneous detection of multiple spectral lines.
Summary form only given. We report on the first experimental demonstration of a broad bandwidth radio frequency spectrum analyzer based on the engraving of multiple monochromatic gratings in a spectral hole burning (SHB) material. This device is considered for applications in RADAR and sub-millimeter wave astronomy. A set of monochromatic gratings is engraved in a SHB material. Each grating diffracts a single spectral component, with a resolution ultimately determined by the homogeneous line width of the SHB medium. A large number of gratings can coexist within the inhomogeneous width of the absorption line. By varying the engraving laser frequency in synchronism with the angle of incidence, one associates a specific diffraction angle with each specific spectral component. Therefore, the different spectral components of an incident polychromatic probe beam are diffracted and simultaneously retrieved in different directions. The grating set works as a spectrometer that is expected to exhibit MHz resolution and of GHz bandwidth.
We propose a novel, wideband spectrum analyzer based on spectral hole burning (SHB) technology. SHB crystals contain rare earth ions doped into a host lattice, and are cooled to cryogenic temperatures to allow sub-MHz hole burning linewidths. The signal spectrum is recorded in an SHB crystal by illuminating the crystal with an optical beam modulated by the RF signal of interest. The signal's spectral components excite those rare earth ions whose resonance frequencies coincide with the spectral component frequencies, engraving the RF spectrum into the crystal's absorption profile. Probing this altered absorption profile with a low power, chirped laser while measuring the transmitted intensity results in a time-domain readout of the accumulated RF signal spectrum. The resolution of the spectrum analyzer is limited only by the homogeneous linewidth of the rare earth ions (< 1 MHz when the SHB crystal is cooled to cryogenic temperatures). The spectrum analyzer bandwidth is limited by the inhomogeneous linewidth and by the electro-optic modulator bandwidth, both of which can be > 20 GHz.
Spectral hole burning (SHB) allows to extend conventional spatial-domain optical data storage and coherent processing into the dimensions of frequency and time. To achieve ultrafast performance, on the time scale of 10-12 - 10-13s, we use organic dye-doped polymer materials at liquid-helium temperature. These materials enable SHB recording and coherent transient responses with a broad optical band width of 5 - 10 THz. We discuss applications of organic SHB systems for associative recall of time-and-space domain events, spectral programming of pulse trains, Stark switching of holograms, THz-bit-rate multiplication, cross- spectral processing and photon gated recording of erasure resistant coherent transients.