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Il Nuovo cimento della Società italiana di fisica. B/Il Nuovo cimento B

Formulation of non-linear conductivity in a many-electron system in the presence of an oscillatory electric field by a combined projection technique

Joung Young Sug, Chang Ho Choi, Sang Don Choi

Published Feb 1, 1994• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf02727428

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Starting with the Liouville equation and with use of the combined projection technique presented earlier [J. Y. Sug, C. H. Choi, and S. D. Choi, Nuovo Cimento B 109, 177 (1994)], we obtain the ensemble average of current of many-electron systems in the presence of oscillatory electric fields. For quite weak fields the dynamic conductivity is given in a continued fraction form. The present form contains the first- and second-order correction parts, while the Mori type contains only the first-order part.
Most of the textbooks explaining electric conductivity in the context of quantum mechanics provide either incomplete or semi-classical explanations that are not connected with the elementary concepts of quantum mechanics. We explain electric conductivity using the simplest model system in quantum mechanics, a particle in a box (PIB). To stimulate the particle dynamics, a linear potential tilting the bottom of the box is introduced, which is equivalent to imposing a constant electric field for a charged particle. Although the PIB model represents a closed system that cannot have a flow of electrons through it, we consider the oscillatory dynamics of the particle probability density as the analogue of the electric current. Relating the amplitude and other parameters of the particle oscillatory dynamics with the gap between the ground and excited states of the PIB model allows us to demonstrate one of the most basic dependencies of electric conductivity on the valence–conduction band gap of the material.
We investigate theoretically the ac conductivity of a clean two-channel spinless quantum wire in the presence of both short-ranged intra- and inter-channel electron–electron interactions. In the Luttinger-liquid regime, we formulize the action functional of the system with an external time-varying electric field. The obtained expression of ac conductivity for the system within linear response theory is generally an oscillation function of the interaction strength, the driving frequency as well as the measured position in the wire. The numerical examples demonstrate that the amplitude of ac conductivity is renormalized by the both interactions, and the dc conductivity of the system with inter-channel interaction is smaller than that without inter-channel interaction.