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New Journal of Physics

Back-action-driven electron spin excitation in a single quantum dot

Gang Cao, Ming Xiao, Hai-Ou Li, Cheng Jun Zhou, Runan Shang, Tao Tu, H. W. Jiang, Guo‐Ping Guo

Published Feb 13, 2013• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We perform real-time charge counting with a quantum point contact (QPC) for the last six electrons in a single quantum dot. At zero magnetic field, the charge-counting statistics show distinctive non-thermal-equilibrium effects for the even and odd electron numbers. A detailed study relates this difference to the excitation from the spin singlet state to triplet states driven by QPC back-action. At a finite magnetic field, spin excitations to different triplet states and Zeeman states are also observed. A master-equation model is developed to quantitatively characterize the back-action-driven spin excitation rate.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/15/2/023021

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We perform real-time charge counting with a quantum point contact (QPC) for the last six electrons in a single quantum dot. At zero magnetic field, the charge-counting statistics show distinctive non-thermal-equilibrium effects for the even and odd electron numbers. A detailed study relates this difference to the excitation from the spin singlet state to triplet states driven by QPC back-action. At a finite magnetic field, spin excitations to different triplet states and Zeeman states are also observed. A master-equation model is developed to quantitatively characterize the back-action-driven spin excitation rate.
In a single quantum dot (QD), the electrons were driven out of thermal equilibrium by the back-action from a nearby quantum point contact (QPC). We found the driving to energy excited states can be probed with the random telegraph signal (RTS) statistics, when the excited states relax slowly compared with RTS tunneling rate. We studied the last few electrons, and found back-action driven spin singlet-triplet (S-T) excitation for and only for all the even number of electrons. We developed a phenomenological model to quantitatively characterize the spin S-T excitation rate, which enabled us to evaluate the influence of back-action on spin S-T based qubit operations.
The work presented in this dissertation contains the first observation of spin-resolved resonance fluorescence from a single quantum dot and its application of direct measurement of electron spin dynamics. The Mollow triplet and the Mollow quintuplet, which are the hallmarks of resonance fluorescence, are presented as the non-spin-resolved and spin-resolved resonance fluorescence spectrum, respectively. The negligible laser background contribution, the near pure radiative broadened spectrum and the anti-bunching photon statistics imply the sideband photons are background-free and near transform-limited single photons. This demonstration is a promising step towards the heralded single photon generation and electron spin readout. Instead of resolving spectrum, an alternative spin-readout scheme by counting resonance fluorescence photons under moderate laser power is demonstrated. The measurements of n-shot time-resolved resonance fluorescence readout are carried out to reveal electron spin dynamics of the measurement induced back action and the spin relaxation. Hyperfine interaction and heavy- light hole mixing are identified as the relevant mechanisms for the back action and phonon-assistant spin-orbit interaction dominates the spin relaxation. After a detailed discussion on charge-spin configurations in coupled quantum dots system, the single-shot readout on electron spin are proposed.
We performed real-time observation of charge states in a double quantum dot (QD) by monitoring the current passing through an adjacent quantum point contact (QPC). The position of the QPC was chosen in such a way that the Coulomb coupling of the QPC to one QD is made stronger than to the other QD, so that the QPC current can clearly resolve the charge states of the double QD. With a response time of ∼200 µs, we also investigated the energy relaxation time T 1 of the double QD by applying rectangular voltage pulses to the double QD. We confirmed that T 1 can be made sufficiently longer than the response time of the QPC.
We analyze the charge and spin dynamics in a DC biased double quantum dot driven by crossed DC and AC magnetic fields. In this configuration, spatial delocalization due to inter-dot tunnel competes with intra-dot spin rotations induced by the time dependent magnetic field, giving rise to a complicated time dependent behavior of the tunnelling current. When the Zeeman splitting has the same value in both dots and spin flip is negligible, the electrons remain in the triplet subspace (dark subspace) performing coherent spin rotations and the current does not flow. This electronic trapping is removed either by finite spin relaxation or when the Zeeman splitting is different in each quantum dot. In the first case, our results show that measuring the current will allow to get information on the spin relaxation time. In the last case, we will show that applying a resonant bichromatic magnetic field, the electrons become trapped in a coherent superposition of states and electronic transport is blocked. Then, manipulating AC magnetic fields, electrons are driven to perform coherent spin rotations which can be unambiguously detected by direct measurement of the tunneling current.