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Physical Review A

Correlations in nondegenerate parametric oscillation: Squeezing in the presence of phase diffusion

M. D. Reid, P. D. Drummond

Published Oct 1, 1989• 125 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a quantum theory of the nondegenerate parametric oscillator above threshold. The effect of signal and idler phase diffusion on the various types of external squeezing spectral measurements is discussed.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.40.4493

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The phase-fluctuation correlation between the signal and idler fields in nondegenerate parametric optical amplifiers and oscillators is analyzed. It is shown that close to the threshold pump power, the correlation is sufficient to reduce the phase fluctuations below those of a coherent state. The phase-fluctuation correlation is negative due to the simultaneous phase matching and energy conservation. This restricts the usefulness of the correlation. The pump source's phase noise will furthermore set a limit to the minimum achievable phase spectral density. The conditions for surpassing the standard quantum limit are elaborated. Finally, applications to coherent optical communication and gravitational wave detection are discussed.
We calculate the squeezing or quadrature spectrum of a nondegenerate parametric amplifier in an interferometer. Squeezing is found to occur below and above threshold. The new feature in the above threshold behavior is the existence of spontaneous phase diffusion in the transmitted signal, even with a stable pump. A novel technique is developed to calculate the quadrature fluctuations in the presence of phase diffusion. We find that squeezing occurs but is restricted to relatively high frequencies due to the phase diffusion. Another application of our theory is in the case of a subharmonic oscillator with a phase-diffusing pump. Squeezing is maintained here also, except at low frequencies. The presence of phase diffusion in quadrature phase sensitive detection can be expected to be universal. In all cases it tends to reduce or destroy the low-frequency squeezing and thereby increases low-frequency noise in a phase sensitive measurement. Our new stochastic technique, therefore, has a wide range of uses.