New formulae are derived for the coefficients of normally ordered operator expansions for a single mode, which depend on the matrix elements in the Fock state representation. The closely connected problem of the reconstruction of operators F by the set of normally ordered moments Tr(a Dagger k a l f), (k, l=0, 1, 2, . . .), is solved. For this purpose, a new set of operators a k,l that is orthonormal to the set of normally ordered powers of boson operators a Dagger k a l is introduced and investigated. Furthermore, a symmetric and a Hermitian scalar product are defined in the linear space of linear operators for the boson mode. The duality obtained in the expansion and reconstruction formulae of the operators can be understood more deeply by considering not only the usual Hilbert space but also a rigged Hilbert space of linear operators for the boson mode.
The structure of ordered expansions in powers of boson operators and of canonical operators and the dual problem of operator reconstruction from ordered moments is derived and applied to the complete Gaussian class of ordering. In particular, the interpolation lines between normal and antinormal ordering and between standard and antistandard ordering with Weyl symmetrical ordering in their centre are dealt with in detail. The auxiliary operators for expansions in symmetrical ordering are explicitly found in the Fock-state representation and in other different representations. General and specialized formulae are derived for different ordering of powers of linear combinations of boson and of canonical operators which involve Hermite polynomials of operators. The link between symmetrical ordering of powers of boson operators and of canonical operators is expressed by means of Jacobi polynomials. Some basic formulae of operator ordering and operator expansion are collected for convenient use in the appendix.
It is shown that the symmetrically ordered moments of boson operators for a single boson mode can be reconstructed from the corresponding moments of the Radon transform of the Wigner quasiprobability for discrete sets of equidistant inequivalent angles which solve the circle division problem. This reconstruction is sometimes simpler than the corresponding reconstruction of the normally ordered moments where one first has to multiply the Radon transform with Hermite polynomials in comparison to power functions for symmetrically ordered moments and then to integrate. The connection to the reconstruction for the general class of s-ordered moments is established. The transition from discrete sets of angles to integration over angles via averaging over the discrete angles is made. The results are applied to displaced squeezed thermal states. It is shown how the ordered moments for these states can be explicitly found from the calculated Radon transform of the Wigner quasiprobability. The obtained formulae for these moments possess independent interest since they contribute to the discussion of the properties of the most general class of states with quasiprobabilities of Gaussian form with many possible special cases as, for example, squeezed coherent states and squeezed thermal states.
In quantum mechanics, bosonic operators are mathematical objects that are used to represent the creation (
a†) and annihilation (
a) of bosonic particles. The natural power of a linear combination of bosonic operators represents an operator
(a†x+ay)n with
n as the exponent and
x,y are the variables free from bosonic operators. The normal ordering of these operators is a mathematical technique that arranges the operators so that all the creation operators are to the left of the annihilation operators, reducing the number of terms in the expression. In this paper, we present a general expansion of the natural power of a linear combination of bosonic operators in normal order. We show that the expansion can be expressed in terms of binomial coefficients and the product of the normal-ordered operators using the direct method and than prove it using the fundamental principle of mathematical induction. We also derive a formula for the coefficients of the expansion in terms of the number of bosons and the commutation relation between the creation and annihilation operators. Our results have important applications in the study of many-body systems in quantum mechanics, such as in the calculation of correlation functions and the evaluation of the partition function. The general expansion presented in this paper provides a powerful tool for analyzing and understanding the behavior of bosonic systems, and can be applied to a wide range of physical problems.
The expansion of operators as ordered power series in the annihilation and creation operators
a and ${a}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$ is examined. It is found that normally ordered power series exist and converge quite generally, but that for the case of antinormal ordering the required
c-number coefficients are infinite for important classes of operators. A parametric ordering convention is introduced according to which normal, symmetric, and antinormal ordering correspond to the values $s=+1,0,\ensuremath{-}1$, respectively, of an order parameter
s. In terms of this convention it is shown that for bounded operators the coefficients are finite when
s>0, and the series are convergent when
s>21. For each value of the order parameter
s, a correspondence between operators and
c-number functions is defined. Each correspondence is one-to-one and has the property that the function $f(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ associated with a given operator
F is the one which results when the operators
a and ${a}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$ occurring in the ordered power series for
F are replaced by their complex eigenvalues $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{*}$. The correspondence which is realized for symmetric ordering is the Weyl correspondence. The operators associated by each correspondence with the set of $\ensuremath{\delta}$ functions on the complex plane are discussed in detail. They are shown to furnish, for each ordering, an operator basis for an integral representation for arbitrary operators. The weight functions in these representations are simply the functions that correspond to the operators being expanded. The representation distinguished by antinormal ordering expresses operators as integrals of projection operators upon the coherent states, which is the form taken by the
P representation for the particular case of the density operator. The properties of the full set of representations are discussed and are shown to vary markedly with the order parameter
s.
We derive explicit formulas for the normal ordering of powers of arbitrary monomials of boson operators. These formulas lead to generalisations of conventional Bell and Stirling numbers and to appropriate generalisations of the Dobinski relations. These new combinatorial numbers are shown to be coherent state matrix elements of powers of the monomials in question. It is further demonstrated that such Bell-type numbers, when considered as power moments, give rise to positive measures on the positive half-axis, which in many cases can be written in terms of known functions.