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Physical Review Letters

Identification of vortices in superfluid B3

E. V. Thuneberg

Published Jan 27, 1986• 190 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A numerical solution of the Ginzburg-Landau equations for superfluid $^{3}\mathit{B}$ vortices gives the following results: The low-pressure vortex is a new ``double core vortex'' whose rotational symmetry around the vortex axis is broken. The high-pressure vortex is the v vortex. The theory gives a transition between these vortices which is in excellent agreement with experiments.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.56.359

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This paper reports the discovery of a new breaking of symmetry of the quantized vortex lines in superfluid 3B^{3}\mathit{B}3B: Vortices with broken axisymmetry are found energetically more favorable than any of the axisymmetric ones in the weak-coupling limit. Based on our extensive numerical minimization of the vortex free-energy functional, we identify the vortices occurring in rotating 3B^{3}\mathit{B}3B at low pressures as v vortices having---in addition to broken space parity P---also broken axisymmetry Q with the nonaxisymmetry quantum number \ensuremath{\Vert}Q\ensuremath{\Vert}=2, and with superfluid core in the axiplanar state.
The pressure dependence of the vortex core in rotating 3B^{3}\mathit{B}3B is studied in the Ginzburg-Landau formalism with two distinct models of the strong-coupling corrections. The parametrization of Sauls and Serene [Phys. Rev. B 24, 183 (1981)] predicts a transition from a core with large magnetic moment below \ensuremath{\sim}10 bars to one with small magnetic moment for higher pressures, in qualitative agreement with experiments. The earlier one-parameter model of Brinkman, Serene, and Anderson predicts no such transition, with the core having a large moment for all values of the parameter \ensuremath{\delta}.
Recent theoretical attempts to explain the observed vortex-core phase transition in superfluid 3B^{3}\mathit{B}3B yield conflicting results. Variational calculations by Fetter and Theodrakis, based on realistic strong-coupling parameters, yield a phase transition in the Ginzburg-Landau region that is in qualitative agreement with the phase diagram. Numerically precise calculations by Salomaa and Volivil (SV), based on the Brinkman-Serene-Anderson (BSA) parameters, do not yield a phase transition between axially symmetric vortices. The ambiguity of these results is in part due to the large differences between the \ensuremath{\beta} parameters, which are inputs to the vortex free-energy functional. We comment on the relative merits of the \ensuremath{\beta} parameters based on recent improvements in the quasiparticle scattering amplitude and the BSA parameters used by SV.
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