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Chinese Physics Letters

Experimental Demonstration of Deterministic Entanglement Transformation

Geng Chen, Xu Jin-Shi, LI Chuan-feng, Gong Ming, Lei Chen, Guo Guang-Can

Published Aug 1, 2009• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

According to Nielsen's theorem [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 436] and as a proof of principle, we demonstrate the deterministic transformation from a maximum entangled state to an arbitrary nonmaximum entangled pure state with local operation and classical communication in an optical system. The output states are verified with a quantum tomography process. We further test the violation of Bell-like inequality to demonstrate the quantum nonlocality of the state we generated. Our results may be useful in quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/26/8/084207

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According to Nielsen's theorem [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 436] and as a proof of principle, we demonstrate the deterministic transformation from a maximum entangled state to an arbitrary nonmaximum entangled pure state with local operation and classical communication in an optical system. The output states are verified with a quantum tomography process. We further test the violation of Bell-like inequality to demonstrate the quantum nonlocality of the state we generated. Our results may be useful in quantum information processing.
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We demonstrate experimentally the nonlocal reversal of a partial-collapse quantum measurement of a two-photon entangled state. Both the partial-collapse measurement and the reversal operation are implemented in linear optics with two displaced Sagnac interferometers, characterized by single-qubit quantum-process tomography. The recovered state is measured by quantum-state tomography, and its nonlocality is characterized by testing the Bell inequality. Our result will be helpful in quantum communication and quantum error correction.
We analyze approximate transformations of pure entangled quantum states by local operations and classical communication, finding explicit conversion strategies which optimize the fidelity of transformation. These results allow us to determine the most faithful teleportation strategy via an initially shared partially entangled pure state. They also show that procedures for entanglement manipulation such as entanglement catalysis [Jonathan and Plenio, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3566 (1999)] are robust against perturbation of the states involved, and motivate the notion of nonlocal fidelity, which quantifies the difference in the entangled properties of two quantum states.
While all bipartite pure entangled states are known to generate correlations violating a Bell inequality, and are therefore nonlocal, the quantitative relation between pure state entanglement and nonlocality is poorly understood. In fact, some Bell inequalities are maximally violated by non-maximally entangled states and this phenomenon is also observed for other operational measures of nonlocality. In this work, we study a recently proposed measure of nonlocality defined as the probability that a pure state displays nonlocal correlations when subjected to random measurements. We first prove that this measure satisfies some natural properties for an operational measure of nonlocality. Then, we show that for pure states of two qubits the measure is monotonic with entanglement for all correlation two-outcome Bell inequalities: for all these inequalities, the more the state is entangled, the larger the probability to violate them when random measurements are performed. Finally, we extend our results to the multipartite setting.
Entanglement of quasiclassical (coherent) states of two harmonic oscillators leads to striking quantum effects and is useful for quantum technologies. These effects and applications are closely related to nonlocal correlations inherent in these states, manifested by the violation of Bell inequalities. With previous frameworks, this violation is limited by the size of the system, which does not approach the maximum, even when the amount of entanglement approaches its maximum. Here, we propose a new version of Bell correlation operators, with which a nearly maximal violation can be obtained, as long as the associated entanglement approximates to the maximum. Consequently, the revealed nonlocality is significantly stronger than those with previous frameworks for a wide range of the system size. We present a new scheme for realizing the gate necessary for measurement of the nonlocal correlations. In addition to the use in test of quantum nonlocality, this gate is useful for quantum information processing with coherent states.