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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Wave mixing and quantum interference effect in potassium atoms

Nikolaos Merlemis, M. Katharakis, E. Koudoumas, Tom Efthimiopoulos

Published Apr 11, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Experimental results are presented related to the wave mixing in K. The influence of the medium number density, the incident radiation intensity and the detuning from resonance on the spectral, spatial and temporal characteristics of the radiation emitted near the 5P-4S transition is investigated for the 4S1/2 - 6S1/2 two-photon excitation. The different processes involved and the quantum interference is examined.

DOI
10.1117/12.513509

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Experimental results are presented related to the wave mixing in K. The influence of the medium number density, the incident radiation intensity and the detuning from resonance on the spectral, spatial and temporal characteristics of the radiation emitted near the 5P-4S transition is investigated for the 4S1/2 - 6S1/2 two-photon excitation. The different processes involved and the quantum interference is examined.
The interaction of a laser with potassium atoms is investigated by monitoring the radiation of the 5P-4S transition under the two-photon 4S(1/2)-6S(1/2) excitation. For low number density and laser intensity the observed radiation is parametric axial or conical, depending on the laser detuning from the two-photon resonance, the number density and the laser intensity. With increasing laser intensities and number densities, an additional delayed component is observed corresponding to a two-step four-wave mixing with the participation of internally generated photons. A two-photon quantum interference effect is observed for the total (axial and conical) parametric four-wave mixing emission. A deviation from the proposed model under certain experimental parameters is attributed to a two-step four-wave mixing and the phase mismatch of the parametric processes.
Potassium 4S1/2 - 6S1/2 two-photon excitation initiates the emission of several internally generated photons. For the first time two emission lines one close and one below the potassium 4P3/2 level are reported. Radiation emitted below the 4P3/2 - 4S1/2 level is due to a Parametric Four Wave Mixing (PFWM) process initiated by the internally generated radiation from 5P3/2 - 4S1/2 level. The line emitted close to the 4P3/2 level is produced by a two-step Four Wave Mixing (FWM) process. Direct one photon driving of 4S3/2 - 4P3/2 transition produces similar to HEP radiation.
We study the generation of radiation at the 5P3/2‐4S1/2 transition of potassium vapor under excitation of the 4S1/2‐6S1/2 two‐photon resonance. The model consists of the coupled Maxwell‐Bloch equations for a four‐level configuration of Potassium atom including states 4S, 4P, 5P and 6S, which is numerically solved. Previous experimental studies have shown the emission of Parametric Four‐Wave Mixing (PFWM) radiation near the 5P3/2‐4S1/2 transition at low vapor pressures (P<1014 atoms/cm3) which is also shown in the case of the model studied.
It is shown that by proper use of the excitation spectra, the emission spectra of the transition and the far-field patterns it is possible to distinguish between competing processes involved in the two-photon excitation to the 6S state of potassium, namely: (a) resonant fluorescence emission associated with the cascading spontaneous emission (ASE) and (b) the four-wave mixing parametric process. The effect of the buffer gas on the intensities of the spectra of the radiations emitted is discussed. Conical emission and spatial instabilities of the excitation radiation and the emission were also observed for high excitation and high vapour pressure of potassium.
Abstract\nWe investigate the emissions of atomic potassium excited by two photons near the 4S1/2-6S1/2 transition. Radiation near the 6S1/2-4P3/2, 1/2 and 4P3/2, 1/2-4S1/2 transitions are studied for the unidirectional and the bidirectional cases respectively. It is shown that the total output intensity increases considerably for the bidirectional propagation. This is attributed to the effective increase of the Doppler free excitation and the cancellation of the quantum interference effect that is associated with the multiple paths of excitation of certain states. Keywords. Counter-propagating beams, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), stimulated hyper Raman scattering (SHRS), parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM).