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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Fermionic coherent states

Monique Combescure, Didier Robert

Published May 30, 2012• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to give a self-contained and unified presentation of a fermionic coherent state theory with the necessary mathematical details, discussing their definition, properties and some applications. After defining Grassmann algebras, it is possible to get a classical analog for the fermionic degrees of freedom in a quantum system. Following the basic work of Berezin (1966 The Method of Second Quantization (New York: Academic); 1987 Introduction to Superanalysis (Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company)), we show that we can compute with Grassmann numbers as we do with complex numbers: derivation, integration, Fourier transform. After that we show that we have quantization formulas for fermionic observables. In particular, there exists a Moyal product formula. As an application, we consider explicit computations for propagators with quadratic Hamiltonians in annihilation and creation operators. We prove a Mehler formula for the propagator and Mehlig–Wilkinson-type formulas for the covariant and contravariant symbols of ‘metaplectic’ transformations for fermionic states. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to ‘Coherent states: mathematical and physical aspects’.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8113/45/24/244005

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The aim of this paper is to give a self-contained and unified presentation of a fermionic coherent state theory with the necessary mathematical details, discussing their definition, properties and some applications. After defining Grassmann algebras, it is possible to get a classical analog for the fermionic degrees of freedom in a quantum system. Following the basic work of Berezin (1966 The Method of Second Quantization (New York: Academic); 1987 Introduction to Superanalysis (Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company)), we show that we can compute with Grassmann numbers as we do with complex numbers: derivation, integration, Fourier transform. After that we show that we have quantization formulas for fermionic observables. In particular, there exists a Moyal product formula. As an application, we consider explicit computations for propagators with quadratic Hamiltonians in annihilation and creation operators. We prove a Mehler formula for the propagator and Mehlig–Wilkinson-type formulas for the covariant and contravariant symbols of ‘metaplectic’ transformations for fermionic states. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to ‘Coherent states: mathematical and physical aspects’.
This chapter is an introduction to some computation techniques for fermionic states. After defining Grassmann algebras it is possible to get a classical analogue for the fermionic degrees of freedom in a quantum system. Following the basic work of Berezin [23, 26], we show that we can compute with Grassmann numbers as we do with complex numbers: derivation, integration, Fourier transform. After that we show that we have quantization formula for fermionic observables. In particular there exists a Moyal product formula. As an application we consider explicit computations for propagators with quadratic Hamiltonians in annihilation and creation operators.
Nonlinear fermions of degree n ( n -fermions) are introduced as particles with creation and annihilation operators obeying the simple nonlinear anticommutation relation AA † + A † n A n = 1. The ( n + 1)th-order nilpotency of these operators follows from the existence of unique A -vacuum. Supposing appropriate ( n + 1)th-order nilpotent para-Grassmann variables and integration rules the sets of n -fermion number states, 'right' and 'left' ladder operator coherent states (CS) and displacement-operator-like CS are constructed. The ( n + 1) × ( n + 1) matrix realization of the related para-Grassmann algebra is provided. General ( n + 1)th-order nilpotent ladder operators of finite-dimensional systems are expressed as polynomials in terms of n -fermion operators. Overcomplete sets of (normalized) 'right' and 'left' eigenstates of such general ladder operators are constructed and their properties are briefly discussed. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to 'Coherent states: mathematical and physical aspects'.
The aim of this paper is to construct coherent states à la Perelomov and à la Barut–Girardello for a polynomial Weyl–Heisenberg algebra. This generalized Weyl–Heisenberg algebra, denoted by , depends on r real parameters and is an extension of the one-parameter algebra (Daoud and Kibler 2010 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 43 115303) which covers the cases of the su (1, 1) algebra (for κ > 0), the su (2) algebra (for κ < 0) and the h 4 ordinary Weyl–Heisenberg algebra (for κ = 0). For finite-dimensional representations of and , where is a truncation of order s of in the sense of Pegg–Barnett, a connection is established with k -fermionic algebras (or quon algebras). This connection makes it possible to use generalized Grassmann variables for constructing certain coherent states. Coherent states of the Perelomov type are derived for infinite-dimensional representations of and for finite-dimensional representations of and through a Fock–Bargmann analytical approach based on the use of complex (or bosonic) variables. The same approach is applied for deriving coherent states of the Barut–Girardello type in the case of infinite-dimensional representations of . In contrast, the construction of coherent states à la Barut–Girardello for finite-dimensional representations of and can be achieved solely at the price of replacing complex variables by generalized Grassmann (or k -fermionic) variables. Some of the results are applied to su (2), su (1, 1) and the harmonic oscillator (in a truncated or not truncated form). This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to 'Coherent states: mathematical and physical aspects'.
Abstract This chapter defines and determines the properties of the important (though non-physical) boson and fermion coherent states, which are specified in terms of c-number (bosons) or Grassmann (fermions) variables and their complex conjugates, and defined via unitary displacement operators acting on the vacuum state. Important non-orthogonality, overcompleteness and coherence properties of coherent states are obtained. Coherent states are shown to be eigenstates of mode annihilation operators, with eigenvalues given by the c-number or Grassmann variable specifying the state. Related (unnormalised) Bargmann states are defined, depending only on the variable and not its complex conjugate, and are used to obtain useful representations of physical states and canonical forms for operators in terms of Bargmann state projectors, as well as obtaining important results such as for traces of operator products in terms of phase space integrals. Mode creation operators acting on Bargmann states are shown as equivalent to differentiation.