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Physical Review A

Two-wave two-wavelength mixing in photochromic molecular systems

David Dantsker, Andre P. Persoons

Published Aug 1, 1998• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Two-wavelength two-wave mixing in photochromic photoreversible azo and stilbenelike media is discussed for the special case in which the refractive index grating is written by two beams of angular frequency 2\ensuremath{\omega} while the two-wave mixing is examined at the frequency \ensuremath{\omega}. For the specific conditions stated in the paper, the analysis leads to a rigorously derived phase angle \ensuremath{\varphi}, followed by the expected energy exchange between the beams. Then, the influence of the experimental constraints on the gain is considered.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.58.1567

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Two-wavelength two-wave mixing in photochromic photoreversible azo and stilbenelike media is discussed for the special case in which the refractive index grating is written by two beams of angular frequency 2\ensuremath{\omega} while the two-wave mixing is examined at the frequency \ensuremath{\omega}. For the specific conditions stated in the paper, the analysis leads to a rigorously derived phase angle \ensuremath{\varphi}, followed by the expected energy exchange between the beams. Then, the influence of the experimental constraints on the gain is considered.
We have studied two-wave mixing in resonant media. Illumination with two beams of the same frequency leads to the formation of a spatially local volume grating with no exchange of energy between the writing beams, each beam merely reducing the absorption experienced by the other beam. Nondegenerate two-wave mixing leads to gain for one beam and additional absorption for the other beam as they propagate through the medium. Starting from first principles, the explicit forms of the two-beam coupling constants are derived using third-order perturbation theory, and their dependence on material and experimental factors is examined.
Two-wave mixing allows one to change effectively Intensities, phases, space profiles, polarizations and time evolution of interacting beams [1,21. We will show, that two-wave mixing of partially coherent beams may be used to increase degree of coherence of these beams. The physics of the effect under discussion is as follows: two partially coherent beams write a refraction index grating in a nonlinear medium whose position and profile are practically stationary. Scattering of strong beam on this grating in the direction of the weak one means that this weak beam acquires an addition, that is coherent with the strong beam, thereby increasing degree of coherence of the beams. Similar effects were discussed in connection with scattering of different frequency components at the common running grating [3] and with Interaction of different polarization components [4,5].
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Two-wave mixing in photorefractive crystals has been shown to combine coherently a modulated optical signal beam with a strong pump optical field.’ For a phase-modulated signal beam, the induced index of refraction phase grating inside the crystal yields a coupling of the optical fields of the pump and signal so that subsequent intensity detection results in apparent intensity modulation of the transmitted signal or pump beams. This provides an easy way to detect phase differences between two optical beams. Some of the advantages the above scheme offers over commonly used coherent optical phase detection schemes are: no loss of 3 dB in the signal beam intensity at the 50/50 beam splitter (used to combine signal and local oscillator fields); automatic alignment of the index of refraction grating with the two incident optical wavefronts; insensitivity to slow random changes in the phases of both beams. Experimental results are given, and a new definition for the resulting mixing gain for the phase-modulated beam is introduced, through which optimal conditions for input beam intensity ratios can be found. Applications to coherent homodyne detection are discussed.