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Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics

Quantum jump induced non-classical photon statistics of fluorescence light emitted by cold helium atoms in an optical lattice: coherent control by polarization gradient and an axial magnetic field

Aranya B. Bhattacherjee

Published Nov 21, 2001• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the theoretical calculations of the effect of the polarization gradient and an axial magnetic field on quantum noise reduction and quantum jumps in the resonance fluorescence emitted by cold metastable helium atoms confined in an optical lattice. We find that the localization of the atoms in the optical lattice destroys the non-classical properties of the emitted light but can be recovered in the presence of an axial magnetic field. The polarization gradient induces electron shelving at selected points (z = nλ/4) on the optical lattice. At these selected points, squeezing is maximized.

DOI
10.1088/1464-4266/3/6/306

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We report on the theoretical calculations of the effect of the polarization gradient and an axial magnetic field on quantum noise reduction and quantum jumps in the resonance fluorescence emitted by cold metastable helium atoms confined in an optical lattice. We find that the localization of the atoms in the optical lattice destroys the non-classical properties of the emitted light but can be recovered in the presence of an axial magnetic field. The polarization gradient induces electron shelving at selected points (z = nλ/4) on the optical lattice. At these selected points, squeezing is maximized.
We report theoretical calculations on the effect of polarization gradient, atomic motion and an axial magnetic field on quantum noise reduction in the resonant fluorescence emitted by a cloud of cold Helium atoms in an optical lattice. The polarization gradient induces squeezing of the electromagnetic field at selected points on the optical lattice, together with a dark resonance in the emitted fluorescence, the origin of which is traced back to electron shelving. We find that the localization of the atoms in the optical lattice destroys squeezing, but can be recovered in the presence of an axial magnetic field.
The motion of atoms in a dark magneto-optical lattice is considered. This lattice is formed by a non-uniformly polarized laser field in the presence of a static magnetic field. Cold atoms are localized in the vicinity of points where dark states are not destroyed by a magnetic field. As a result, the optical interaction tends to zero (dark or grey lattices). Depending on the field configuration such a lattice can exhibit one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) periodicity. It is shown that in 1D and 2D dark magneto-optical lattices the effects connected with the Bose statistics of particles can be observed under temperatures 10 -5 -10 -6 K and densities 10 11 -10 12 cm -3 , i.e. those that are usual for current experiments on laser cooling.
Abstract The squeezing spectrum of the fluorescence field emitted from a four-level atom in J = 1/2 to J = 1/2 configuration driven by two coherent fields is studied. We find that the squeezing properties of the fluorescence radiation are significantly influenced by the presence of vacuum-induced coherence in the atomic system. It is shown that such coherence induces spectral squeezing in phase quadratures of the fluorescence light for both weak and strong driving fields. The dependence of the squeezing spectrum on the relative phase of the driving fields is also investigated. Effects such as enhancement or suppression of the squeezing peaks are shown in the spectrum as the relative phase is varied. An analytical explanation of the numerical findings is presented using dressed-states of the atom-field system.
We propose to control light trapping in a large ensemble of cold atoms by an external, static magnetic field. For an appropriate choice of frequency and polarization of the exciting pulse, the field is expected to speed up the fluorescence of a dilute atomic system. In a dense ensemble, the field does not affect the early-time superradiant signal but amplifies intensity oscillations at intermediate times and induces a very slow, nonexponential long-time decay. The slowing down of fluorescence is due to the excitation of spatially localized collective atomic states that appear only under a strong magnetic field and have exponentially long lifetimes. Our results therefore pave a way towards experimental observation of the disorder-induced localization of light in cold atomic systems.
Phase-sensitive squeezing in the resonance fluorescence of two-level atoms, that are coherently driven by a near-resonant laser field in free space, was observed recently (Lu et al 1998 Phys. Rev .L ett. 81 3635). This was accomplished via homodyne detection at a phase near ±45 ◦ relative to the driving field for strong off-resonant excitation of ‘long-lived’ atoms (where th ea tomic lifetime far exceeded the laser–atom interaction time, meaning that relaxation effects could be ignored). On the other hand, traditional theoretical predictions of phase-sensitive squeezing in the resonance fluorescence from two-level atoms have emphasized in- and out-of-phase (i.e., 0 ◦ and 90 ◦ ) quadratures, and weak, on-resonant excitation of ‘short-lived’ atoms (where the observation time for laser–atom interaction fa re xceeded the natural atomic lifetime, meaning that relaxation effects dominate). Here, we calculate the probability of a delayed-coincidence detection in the interference field of a fluorescing dipole with a local oscillator (LO). We show that, despite the strikingly different conditions in which squeezing occurs in short- and long-lived atoms, squeezing in both cases can be shown to arise from a joint detection of two photons which are related by a quantum jump in the following way: the first photodetection precipitates a quantum jump of the atom to the ground state, and the second measures the mean amplitude of the fluorescent field subsequent to the quantum jump.