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Journal of Modern Optics

The Effect of Phase Fluctuation on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency, Inversionless Lasing and Refractive Index Enhancement in a Λ System

Shangqing Gong, Zhizhan Xu, Shao-hua Pan

Published Jul 1, 1995• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The steady-state behaviour for a Λ-type, three-level atomic system has been analysed by taking into account the effect of the phase fluctuation. It is shown that, for a monochromatic driving field, even if the probe field is in resonance with the corresponding atomic transition, a large refraction index can still be generated; for a finite linewidth of the driving field, inversionless lasing and index enhancement tends to disappear. Furthermore, the linewidth prevents the transparency of the medium.

DOI
10.1080/09500349514551231

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 1995•0 citations
The steady-state behaviour for a Λ-type, three-level atomic system has been analysed by taking into account the effect of the phase fluctuation. It is shown that, for a monochromatic driving field, even if the probe field is in resonance with the corresponding atomic transition, a large refraction index can still be generated; for a finite linewidth of the driving field, inversionless lasing and index enhancement tends to disappear. Furthermore, the linewidth prevents the transparency of the medium.
The steady-state behavior of a simple three-level atomic system has been investigated by taking into account the effect of phase fluctuations in the driving field. For a monochromatic driving field, lasing with or without inversion can be established over a wide frequency range for the probe and driving fields. A large refractive index can also be generated even if the population inversion is positive. For a finite linewidth of the driving field, the refractive index enhancement tends to decrease. Furthermore, a behavior change from inversion laser to noninversion laser can occur as the driving field linewidth increases.
The effect of exit rate and the ratio of atomic injection rate on gain behaviour has been investigated, and the effects of phase fluctuation on absorption, dispersion and population difference in an open four-level system have been analysed by using numerical simulation from the steady linear, analytical solution. The variation of the linewidth, Rabi frequency of the driving field, the exit rate or the ratio of atomic injection rate can change the lasing properties in the open system. The presence of finite linewidth due to driving-field phase fluctuation prevents the open four-level atomic system from obtaining a high refractive index along with zero absorption.
A steady analytical solution of an open four-level inversionless lasing system with a driving field having the phase fluctuation has been given, and the effects of the finite width due to the phase fluctuation on the gain, dispersion, and population difference have been analyzed by using the numerical simulation from the steady analytical solution. It is found that: with the linewidth increasing, the gain decreases and the absolute value of population difference between levels coupled by the probe field increases, but the variation of the linewidth cannot change the properties of the inversionless lasing and refractive index increase of the system; when the linewidth does not equal to zero, the system can still get a high refractive index with zero absorption, and these conclusions have very obvious difference from those obtained in other inversionless lasing systems.
The influence of driving field phase fluctuation on lasing without population inversion in a three-level cascade system was studied. In the rotating wave and slowly varying envelope approximations, the density-matrix motion equations for the three-level cascade system, considered the influence of driving-field phase diffusion is solved, and the exact linear analytical solutions of the three-level cascade system with the driving field having the phase fluctuation in the steady state are obtained. The dependence of LWI gain, dispersion and the populations on the probe field detuning and the strengths of coherent pumping, respectively, are examined and simulated numerically. It was shown from the results of numerical calculation about the steady-state solutions of three-level cascade system that the gain of lasing without population inversion will be decreased due to driving-field phase-fluctuation The effect ran he compensated by increased driving-field intensities. However, the effect that LWI gain is decreased due to driving- field phase-fluctuation can not be always compensated by increased driving field Rabi frequency. Lasing without population inversion is still obtained even if the linewidth due to driving-field phase-fluctuation is large enough. The presence of the linewidth prevents the cascade system from obtaining a high refractive index along with zero absorption. The cascade system can still exhibit a larger refractive index and zero absorption at the lesser linewidth. The linewidth tends to destroy lasing without population inversion and refractive index enhancement. There is no population inversion for the lasing transition and for the driving transition under the given condition. And the condition without population inversion has nothing to do with the variety of linewidth in the steady-state analytical solutions. That is to say, there is not possibility for the cascade system that a change from lasing with population inversion to lasing without population inversion can occur with the linewidth increasing or with the Rabi frequency of driving-field increasing. The conclusion is very different from that obtained in other inversionless lasing system.
We have studied the effect of finite bandwidth of the driving field on the enhancement of refractive index and lasing without inversion in a three-level atomic system in which partial coherence is introduced either in upper-level or lower-level doublet via a strong microwave driving field having finite bandwidth. We find that both phenomena are adversely affected by the phase fluctuations in the driving field. Further, there is a range of driving field detuning for which the refractive index is considerably enhanced with vanishing absorption.