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Physical Review Letters

Possible Origin of the Quantized Vortices in He II

Seth Putterman, Mark Kac, G. E. Uhlenbeck

Published Aug 28, 1972• 28 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on considerations of the rotating ideal Bose gas it is suggested that the quantized vortex lines can enter the superfluid contained in a rotating bucket through an adiabatic transformation of the ground state.
DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.29.546

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We study numerically the formation of a vortex lattice inside a rotating bucket containing superfluid helium, paying attention to an important feature which is practically unavoidable in all experiments: the microscopic roughness of the bucket's surface. We model this using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for a weakly interacting Bose gas, a model which is idealized when applied to superfluid helium but captures the key physics of the vortex dynamics which we are interested in. We find that the vortex lattice arises from the interaction and reconnections of nucleated U-shaped vortex lines, which merge and align along the axis of rotation. We quantify the effects which the surface roughness and remanent vortex lines play in this process.
We study numerically the formation of a vortex lattice inside a rotating bucket containing superfluid helium, paying attention to an important feature which is practically unavoidable in all experiments: the microscopic roughness of the bucket's surface. We model this using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for a weakly interacting Bose gas, a model which is idealized when applied to superfluid helium but captures the key physics of the vortex dynamics which we are interested in. We find that the vortex lattice arises from the interaction and reconnections of nucleated U-shaped vortex lines, which merge and align along the axis of rotation. We quantify the effects which the surface roughness and remanent vortex lines play in this process.